International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(17), P. 13132 - 13132
Published: Aug. 23, 2023
Atherosclerosis
is
characterized
by
the
narrowing
of
arterial
lumen
due
to
subendothelial
lipid
accumulation,
with
hypercholesterolemia
being
a
major
risk
factor.
Despite
recent
advances
in
effective
lipid-lowering
therapies,
atherosclerosis
remains
leading
cause
mortality
globally,
highlighting
need
for
additional
therapeutic
strategies.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
sympathetic
nervous
system
plays
an
important
role
atherosclerosis.
In
this
article,
we
reviewed
innervation
vasculature,
norepinephrine
synthesis
and
metabolism,
activity
measurement,
common
signaling
pathways
activation.
The
focus
paper
was
review
effectiveness
pharmacological
antagonists
or
agonists
adrenoceptors
(α1,
α2,
β1,
β2,
β3)
renal
denervation
on
All
five
types
are
present
blood
vessels.
α1
blockers
inhibit
but
increase
heart
failure
while
α2
agonism
may
protect
against
newer
generations
β
β3
promising
therapies
atherosclerosis;
however,
new
randomized
controlled
trials
warranted
investigate
these
inhibition
cardiovascular
reduction
future.
humans
yet
be
established.
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
27(12), P. 1231 - 1245
Published: Nov. 27, 2023
Introduction
Lipid-laden
foam
cells
within
atherosclerotic
plaques
are
key
players
in
all
phases
of
lesion
development
including
its
progression,
necrotic
core
formation,
fibrous
cap
thinning,
and
eventually
plaque
rupture.
Manipulating
cell
biology
is
thus
an
attractive
therapeutic
strategy
at
early,
middle,
even
late
stages
atherosclerosis.
Traditional
therapies
have
focused
on
prevention,
especially
lowering
plasma
lipid
levels.
Despite
these
interventions,
atherosclerosis
remains
a
major
cause
cardiovascular
disease,
responsible
for
the
largest
numbers
death
worldwide.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: March 13, 2024
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
results
in
a
large
amount
of
tissue
cell
debris
the
lesion
site,
which
interacts
with
various
cytokines,
including
inflammatory
factors,
and
intrinsic
glial
environment
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
to
form
an
inhibitory
microenvironment
that
impedes
nerve
regeneration.
The
efficient
clearance
is
crucial
for
resolution
after
SCI.
Macrophages
are
main
cells
responsible
removal
However,
high
lipid
content
dysregulation
metabolism
within
macrophages
lead
their
transformation
into
foamy
during
phagocytic
process.
This
phenotypic
shift
associated
further
pro-inflammatory
polarization
may
aggravate
neurological
deterioration
hamper
repair.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
phenotype
under
conditions,
as
well
mechanisms
consequences
foam
formation
Moreover,
discuss
two
strategies
modulation
several
potential
therapeutic
targets
enhance
treatment
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(21), P. 11386 - 11386
Published: Oct. 23, 2024
Modified
cholesterols
such
as
oxidized
low-density
lipoprotein
(OxLDL)
contribute
to
atherosclerosis
and
other
disorders
through
the
promotion
of
foam
cell
formation
inflammation.
In
recent
years,
it
has
become
evident
that
immune
responses
inflammatory
molecules
OxLDLs
depend
on
cellular
metabolic
functions.
This
review
examines
known
effects
OxLDL
immunometabolism
in
several
diseases.
We
additionally
provide
context
relationship
between
aging/senescence
identify
gaps
literature
our
current
understanding
these
areas.
Marine Drugs,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(3), P. 111 - 111
Published: March 5, 2025
Atherosclerosis,
a
leading
contributor
to
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs),
is
characterized
by
foam
cell
formation
driven
excessive
lipid
accumulation
in
macrophages
and
vascular
smooth
muscle
cells.
This
study
elucidates
the
anti-atherosclerotic
potential
of
AWLNH
(P3)
PHDL
(P4)
peptides
assessing
their
effects
on
formation,
metabolism,
oxidative
stress
regulation.
P3
P4
effectively
suppressed
intracellular
RAW264.7
human
aortic
cells
(hASMCs),
thereby
mitigating
formation.
Mechanistically,
both
modulated
cholesterol
homeostasis
downregulating
influx
mediators,
cluster
differentiation
36
(CD36),
class
A1
scavenger
receptor
(SR-A1),
while
upregulating
efflux
transporters
ATP-binding
cassette
subfamily
A
member
1
(ABCA1)
G
(ABCG1).
The
activation
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma
(PPAR-γ)
liver
X
receptor-alpha
(LXR-α)
further
substantiated
role
promoting
restoring
homeostasis.
Additionally,
exhibited
potent
antioxidative
properties
attenuating
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
generation
through
HO-1/Nrf2
signaling
axis.
HO-1
silencing
via
siRNA
transfection
abolished
these
effects,
confirming
HO-1-dependent
regulation
metabolism.
Collectively,
findings
highlight
as
promising
therapeutic
agents
for
atherosclerosis
concurrently
targeting
dysregulation,
stress,
warranting
exploration
clinical
applications.
Hemodynamic
fluctuations
at
vessel
bifurcation
impact
the
development
of
atherosclerosis
and
aneurysms.
A
novel
glass
capillary
tube-based
lithography-free
technique
was
used
for
fabricating
bifurcations
with
stenosis
aneurysm
junction
to
determine
endothelial
response
arterial
shear
rates
in
vitro.
At
variable
1-2000
s-1,
representative
conditions
aorta,
cell
responses
under
flow
disturbances
encountered
stenosed
aneurysmal
vessels
were
modeled.
Mechanical
induce
greater
activation
stenosis,
while
increased
VE-cadherin
expression
deters
dilations.
The
disturbed
better
observed
area
bifurcation,
where
increase
forces
reduced
pressure
marginally
compensated
cellular
activation.
comparative
model
established
using
an
image
analysis
approach
assessment
toward
disease
progression
bifurcations.
No
significant
differences
markers
inflammatory
stress
physiologically
relevant
mechanical
stresses
due
compensatory
effects
cytokines
inducing
NF-κβ
activation,
as
seen
this
frugal
approach.
Preventive Medicine Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
39, P. 102643 - 102643
Published: Feb. 4, 2024
Despite
not
showing
substantial
stenosis
of
coronary
arteries,
Myocardial
Infarction
with
Non-Obstructive
Coronary
Arteries
(MINOCA)
presents
myocardial
ischemia
injury,
thus
having
a
grave
prognosis
and
high
risk
long-term
complications.
This
necessitates
increased
clinical
attention
exploration
its
root
causes
to
prevent
similar
crisis.
