Comparison of necrotic enteritis effects on growth performance and intestinal health in two different meat-type chicken strains Athens Canadian Random Bred and Cobb 500

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(5), P. 103599 - 103599

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Chickens have undergone genetic improvements in the past few decades to maximize growth efficiency. However, necrotic enteritis (NE), an enteric disease primarily caused by C. perfringens, remains a significant problem poultry production. A study investigated differences intestinal health between non-selected meat-type Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) and modern Cobb 500 (Cobb) broilers when challenged with experimental NE. The utilized 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two main effects chicken strain NE challenge model (non-challenged control, NC; 2,500/12,500 Eimeria maxima oocysts + 1 109 NE2.5/NE12.5). total 432 fourteen-d-old male ACRB were used until 22 days (8 post inoculation E. on d 14, dpi), chickens euthanized 6 8 dpi for analysis. All data statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA, Student's t-test or Tukey's HSD test was applied P < 0.05. NE12.5 group showed decreases performance relative from 14 20, regardless (P 0.01). exhibited body weight gain compared On dpi, both groups villus height crypt depth ratio, jejunal goblet cell count, MUC2 LEAP2 expression Additionally, had significantly higher lesion score, permeability, fecal oocyst perfringens IFNγ CCL4 NC 0.05). In conclusion, negatively impacts broilers, parameters strain.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Artemisia annua supplementation on the performance and gut health of laying hens challenged with mixed Eimeria species

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 15, 2024

Background Coccidiosis outbreaks in susceptible laying hens can significantly decrease egg production and cause substantial economic loss to the industry. The supplementation of poultry diets with chemotherapeutic agents is limited due antimicrobial resistance residue meat or processed products. Therefore, alternative strategies control coccidiosis are needed, Artemisia annua ( AA ) might have potential be a phytogenic feed additive, an anticoccidial agents. This study aimed investigate effect dietary powdered on performance gut health infected by Eimeria spp. Methods A total 225 Hy-Line W-36 at 23 weeks age were allocated into 5 treatment groups: 1) NC ), 2) pair-fed PF control, 3) challenged CC 4) inclusion 0.5% 0.5AA v) 1% 1AA ). CC, 0.5AA, groups orally inoculated sporulated oocysts maxima (12,500), tenella acervulina (62,500) week 25. received same amount consumed from 0–14 days post-inoculation dpi hens, including body weight BW hen–day HDEP intake FI conversion ratio FCR was measured weekly. Additionally, markers intestinal health, permeability, lesion score, morphometry, immune responses, evaluated 6, 14, 21 dpi. Results At 6 14 dpi, had lower than p &lt; 0.0001). Supplementation improved 8.1% compared hens; however, it still 15.4% that did not any beneficial FI; 0.61 (2.46) (3.07; reduced severity lesions increased recovery villi 0.05). permeability different between non-challenged among 29% Furthermore, inflammatory responses hens. Conclusion Dietary partially restored modulated their response following infection; further studies needed better understand mode action effective dosages improve without negative impacts performance.

Language: Английский

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Different dietary branched-chain amino acid ratios, crude protein levels, and protein sources can affect the growth performance and meat yield in broilers

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(12), P. 104313 - 104313

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Phytochemicals act holistically to enhance host defenses during poultry coccidiosis

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105042 - 105042

Published: March 1, 2025

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a phytochemical mixture containing full spectrum cinnamon, clove, and oregano essential oils (CCO) on growth performance, intestinal immunity, integrity broilers infected with coccidiosis. In chicken macrophage cells (CMCs), inflammation induced 1.0 µg/mL LPS, followed by stimulating CCO at three concentrations (1.0, 10.0, 100 µg/mL) measuring gene expression levels IL-1β IL-8. epithelial (IECs), added cultured, occludin, ZO-1, MUC2 were measured. in vivo experiment, one hundred twenty male broiler chickens (0-day-old) allocated into treatment groups: (1) basal diet without infection (NC), (2) E. maxima (PC), (3) 4.5 mg/kg feed (CCO). Body weight (BW) measured days 0, 7, 14, 20, 22. PC groups orally day 14. Jejunal samples collected 22 conduct analysis cytokines, TJ proteins, antioxidant enzymes. significantly decreased IL-8 CMCs increased ZO-1 IECs dose-dependent manner. maxima-infected groups, dietary tended mitigate BW loss due infection. Upon infection, proinflammatory cytokines suppressed group compared group. Dietary also occludin JAM-2 jejunum. However, did not reduce oocyst number coccidiosis-infected chickens. These results suggest that supplementation may improve immunity permeability, helping productivity losses through gut physiological responses, rather than direct antimicrobial effects. show advantage using vitro screening based host-mediated pathogen killing, when exploring new phytochemicals disease response economic

Language: Английский

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Effect of β-Alanine Metabolite on Gut Integrity and Immunity in Commercial Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria maxima

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(17), P. 2558 - 2558

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

(1) Background: In a metabolomics analysis conducted to investigate the mechanisms behind growth-promoting effects of probiotics in broilers, β-alanine was found be significantly elevated. This led hypothesis that could also contribute infected broilers. (2) Methods: An vitro culture system developed assess β-alanine’s impact on proinflammatory cytokine response chicken macrophage cells, gut integrity intestinal epithelial and muscle differentiation quail cells primary embryonic cells. vivo animal feeding studies were then dietary various disease parameters Eimeria maxima-infected broiler chickens. (3) Results: vitro, treatment decreased gene expression cytokines increased occuldin Dietary body weight chickens following maxima infection H-ALA group. suppressed JAM-2 occludin group compared without supplementation. (4) Conclusions: These results strongly support positive immune responses barrier function with maxima.

Language: Английский

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Challenges in Poultry Production Systems and Nutritional Interventions

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 530 - 530

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Chicken is the most produced and consumed meat in world [...].

Language: Английский

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Valine and isoleucine deficiency in necrotic enteritis challenge impact growth performance, intestinal health, and muscle growth in broilers

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105143 - 105143

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Usnic acid and tannic acid as inhibitors of coccidia and Clostridium perfringens: alleviating necrotic enteritis and improving intestinal health in broiler chickens

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 12, 2025

Abstract Background Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses poultry production. This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic on coccidia, sporozoite, Clostridium perfringens assessed their influence growth performance intestinal health NE-challenged broilers through vitro vivo experiments. Methods The experiment included 5 treatment groups: negative control (NC), 2 μmol/L diclazuril (DZ), 30 (UA), 90 (TA), 15 + 45 (UTA) groups. involved 320 divided into four PC (NE-challenged), SA (500 mg/kg salinomycin premix NE-challenged), UA (300 UTA 500 NE-challenged) Results In study, UA, TA, treatments significantly increased apoptosis coccidian oocysts sporozoites, lowered mitochondrial membrane potential ( P < 0.05), disrupted oocyst structure compared with those NC group. TA had C. , strongest inhibition observed results demonstrated that group presented improved d 13, 21, 28 whereas groups improvements 13 21 0.05). SA, reduced lesion scores by fecal counts from 19 Compared group, lower sIgA levels CD8 cell percentages a trend toward CD3 percentage = 0.069). serum diamine oxidase activity, crypt depth, platelet-derived factor mucosa while increasing villus height depth ratio number goblet cells also acetate butyrate concentrations cecum With respect gut microbiota, changes β diversity ileum were groups, indicating microbial community compositions differed among Romboutsia dominated Bacillales Lactobacillales Lachnospirales ileal microbiota. cecal Lactobacillus Butyricicoccus Blautia abundances elevated Conclusion Usnic induce coccidia sporozoites lowering potential. Both alone combination alleviate NE-induced adverse modulating immunity, altering composition, improving barrier function. alone, superior effects, providing promising basis for development effective feed additive combinations.

Language: Английский

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Interactive effects of calcium, phosphorus, and exogenous phytase on growth performance and bone ash in broilers under Eimeria or necrotic enteritis infections: a systemic review and meta-analysis

The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 100422 - 100422

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Although several studies have explored the influence of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and exogenous phytase (EP) on growth performance bone mineralization responses to dietary non-phytate P (nPP) levels in broilers, there remains a gap meta-analytical research focusing these factors under Eimeria or necrotic enteritis (NE) infections. To address this gap, we conducted systematic review meta-analysis relevant literature shed light issue. We found that regardless infection status, reducing Ca nPP broiler diets led decreased body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) ash percentage. vaccination reduced BWG weight, whereas severely impacted BWG, FI, conversion ratio (FCR), weight. However, supplementation increased percentage Notably, efficacy were compromised when broilers infected with enteritis. Our findings suggest Ca, nPP, phytase, conditions significantly broilers. The effects vary depending different status. Given complexity interrelationships, further is warranted deepen our understanding their combined

Language: Английский

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Expression of Toll‐like receptors and host defence peptides in the cecum of chicken challenged with Eimeria tenella

Parasite Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Chicken coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoa, affects poultry farming. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and host defence peptides (HDPs) help innate immune responses to eliminate invading pathogens, but their roles in tenella infection remain poorly understood. Herein, 14‐day‐old chickens were treated orally with 50,000 E. oocysts the cecum was dissected at different timepoints. mRNA expression of 10 chicken TLRs (chTLRs) five HDPs measured quantitative real‐time PCR. chTLR7 chTLR15 upregulated significantly 3 h post‐infection while other chTLRs downregulated ( p < .05). chTLR1a, chTLR1b, chTLR2b chTLR4 peaked 36 post‐infection, chTLR3, chTLR5 72 chTLR21 highest among chTLRs, peaking 48 0.05). For HDPs, cathelicidin (CATH) 1 B1 liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 96 CATH HDPs. CATH2 CATH3 markedly The results provide insight into molecules during chicken, indicate that may mediate resistance coccidiosis.

Language: Английский

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