Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures DOI Creative Commons
Hans‐Peter Wiesinger, Will G. Hopkins, Nils Haller

et al.

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

Introduction Our recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) causes a range of mean changes in various measures and predictors endurance sprint performance athletes. Here, we extend the analyses to relationships between these consider implications for understanding improving HIIT were not apparent previous analyses. Methods The data from with highly trained elite other (mainly team sport) athletes studies where two or more available. Relationships pairs visualized scatterplots points identified by aerobic anaerobic types HIIT; simple linear quantified via log-transformation factor meta-regression mixed model. Results In athletes, there positive time-trial speed/power (reflecting competition performance) [peak speed/power, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), aerobic/anaerobic threshold]. There substantial differences explained each predictor. Exercise economy had an unclear relationship but decisively negative V̇O . repeated-sprint ability weak speed/power. scatter some plots was associated type HIIT. Discussion Differences given change peak , threshold imply time trials should be included when assessing effects on performance. exercise suggest combining could effective Sprints are important team-sport athletes; their poor implies both measured Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384

Language: Английский

Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes—part I: mean effects on various performance measures DOI Creative Commons
Hans‐Peter Wiesinger, Thomas Stöggl, Nils Haller

et al.

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Meta-analysts have found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance, but limited evidence exists regarding its effects on highly trained athletes, measures beyond maximum oxygen uptake ( V˙ O2max), and the moderating of different types HIIT. In this study, we present meta-analyses HIIT focusing these deficits. The 6 other moderators were derived from 34 studies involving endurance elite athletes in percent units via log-transformation separate meta-regression mixed models for sprint, time-trial, aerobic/anaerobic threshold, peak speed/power, repeated-sprint ability, O2max, exercise economy. level effect magnitudes was evaluated based uncertainty smallest important change 1%. Compared with control training, showed good to excellent substantial enhancement most some athlete subgroups practically study settings defined by (maximum 12.6%, female after weeks aerobic traditional long intervals). assessment indicated greater as follows: more O2max (+2.6%); added conventional (+1.1-2.3%); during competition phase (+4.3%); tests longer duration sprint (+5.5%) time trial (+4.9%). sex type unclear moderators. heterogeneity within a given setting varied small moderate (standard deviations 1.1%-2.3%) reduced benefit settings. Although can be confident beneficial related further research is needed. There mean economy modifying sex, intervention, measures. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Faster intervals, faster recoveries - intensified short VO2max running intervals are inferior to traditional long intervals in terms of time spent above 90% VO2max DOI Creative Commons

Daniel Fleckenstein,

H.M. Braunstein,

Nico Walter

et al.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

High intensity interval training for improving maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is a fundamental component of specific preparation phases middle- and long-distance runners. In this context, short intervals are very popular in practice. The aim the present study was to determine whether increasing around aerobic speed (vVO2max), compared traditional long runs, leads greater time spent above 90% VO2max. 12 highly trained middle distance runners (7 males, 5 females) completed two VO2max sessions (4 × 3 min at 95% vVO2max, recovery: 50% vVO2max vs. 24 30 s 100% 55% vVO2max) on treadmill randomized order. Spiroergometric data, lactate accumulation, heart rate (HR) perceived exertion determined. This allowed recording HRmax. To analyze differences between sessions, paired t-test respectively Wilcoxon test, if data were not normally distributed, applied. significantly lower 30-s intervals, despite higher intensity, 3-min session (201.3 ± 268.4 327.9 146.8 s, p = 0.05, r 0.57). contrast, HRmax than (820 249 545 131 < 0.001, d 1.73). blood concentrations showed values (9.69 1.82 mmol/L) (7.59 2.01 mmol/L, 2.34). There no statistical difference rating (30-s session: 6.5 1.0 6.8 1.2; 0.26). that intensified inferior regarding Given observation an opposing trend HRmax, parameter should be interpreted with caution settings.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Application of Exercise Snacks across Youth, Adult and Clinical Populations: A Scoping Review DOI Creative Commons
Kathryn L. Weston, Jonathan P. Little, Matthew Weston

et al.

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 18, 2025

Abstract Background Interest in ‘exercise snacks’ has increased, yet a comprehensive and holistic review of this novel concept is lacking. We aimed to map global research on snacks’, across youth, adult clinical populations through scoping review. Methods A systematic search was conducted six databases. Grey literature searches were also conducted. Studies whereby participants prescribed structured bout intense exercise dispersed the day, or explicitly defined as form ‘snacks’, any setting included. used Consensus Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) assess completeness descriptions. Data recorded into spreadsheets, then descriptively analyzed summarized graphic form. Results The 45 publications meeting our inclusion criteria represented 33 original studies. These studies enrolled total 1118 participants, with median sample size 24. categorized either acute ( n = 12) chronic 21) trials both trial types performed wide range participant ages (range 8.7 78 years) but mostly healthy adults older adults. majority (20/33) study context being predominantly laboratory home. variety modes (e.g., cycling, stair climbing, body weight exercises) comparator conditions moderate intensity continuous exercise, prolonged sitting, non-exercise controls) used. ‘Exercise snack’ more frequently than it reported, and, available data, mean estimated at 76.9% maximal heart rate 5.2 Arbitrary Units (AU) Ratings Perceived Exertion (RPE) CR10 scale. Study outcome measures cardiovascular, metabolic, muscular, psychological, adhering CERT, though there underreporting detail for provider, motivation strategies, adverse events intervention fidelity. Conclusion increasingly cover an array models. most common protocols date utilize exercises climbing. recommend terminology consistently describe short, purposeful throughout day. Future should provide detailed descriptions their model, event reporting checklists.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Customizing intense interval exercise training prescription using the “frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise” (FITT) principle DOI Creative Commons
Pinelopi S. Stavrinou, Todd A. Astorino, Christoforos D. Giannaki

et al.

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 3, 2025

Intense interval exercise training induces various physiological and metabolic adaptations related to performance health. For designing a program, the F.I.T.T. principle, referring frequency, intensity, time, type of exercise, can be used manipulate level stress in body, leading adaptations. Modifying these four parameters results wide range protocols that are safe effective for different populations including athletes individuals with chronic diseases. In this review, we present how manipulation components alter acute cardiorespiratory, metabolic, perceptual, affective responses intense training. From evidence, it appears duration bout recovery critical almost all responses, enabling periodization training, promoting optimal adherence. addition, considerable may achieved frequencies as low once or twice per week lower than maximal intensities, adding feasibility mode. Overall, by varying parameters, design an program tailored according needs abilities each individual, optimized prescription achieved.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A microcycle of high‐intensity short‐interval sessions induces improvements in indicators of endurance performance compared to regular training DOI Creative Commons
Guro Strøm Solli, Ingvill Odden,

Vetle Sælen

et al.

European Journal of Sport Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects a microcycle high‐intensity interval training (HIT) sessions with multiple short work intervals followed by an active recovery period, compared similar duration regular training, on determinants and indicators endurance performance in well‐trained cyclists. participants BLOCK group performed 6‐day HIT including five (5 × 8.75‐min 30/15 s intervals) period reduced load, while (REG) 12 days their four sessions. Physiological testing before after periods. From pre‐ post‐ intervention, demonstrated significantly larger improvements than REG mean power output (PO) during last min maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) test (PO VO2max (3.7 vs. 0.7%, p = 0.009, effect size (ES) 1.00) PO 10‐s sprint (2.8 1.9%, 0.028, ES 0.63). No significant differences between were observed for VO , at 4 mmol·L −1 [blood lactate] 4mmol ), 15‐min gross efficiency ( 0.156–0.919). However, there tendency index (calculated from main (2.9% 1.2%, 0.079, 0.71). A short‐interval induces demonstrating its potential as efficient strategy

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures DOI Creative Commons
Hans‐Peter Wiesinger, Will G. Hopkins, Nils Haller

et al.

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

Introduction Our recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) causes a range of mean changes in various measures and predictors endurance sprint performance athletes. Here, we extend the analyses to relationships between these consider implications for understanding improving HIIT were not apparent previous analyses. Methods The data from with highly trained elite other (mainly team sport) athletes studies where two or more available. Relationships pairs visualized scatterplots points identified by aerobic anaerobic types HIIT; simple linear quantified via log-transformation factor meta-regression mixed model. Results In athletes, there positive time-trial speed/power (reflecting competition performance) [peak speed/power, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), aerobic/anaerobic threshold]. There substantial differences explained each predictor. Exercise economy had an unclear relationship but decisively negative V̇O . repeated-sprint ability weak speed/power. scatter some plots was associated type HIIT. Discussion Differences given change peak , threshold imply time trials should be included when assessing effects on performance. exercise suggest combining could effective Sprints are important team-sport athletes; their poor implies both measured Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384

Language: Английский

Citations

0