I Want to (Bud) Break Free: The Potential Role of DAM and SVP-Like Genes in Regulating Dormancy Cycle in Temperate Fruit Trees

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 10, 2019

Bud dormancy is an adaptive process that allows trees to survive the hard environmental conditions they experience during winter of temperate climates. Dormancy characterized by reduction in meristematic activity and absence visible growth. A prolonged exposure cold temperatures required allow bud resuming growth response warm temperatures. In fruit tree species, cycle believed be regulated a group genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors. These are called DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) phylogenetically related Arabidopsis thaliana floral regulators SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) AGAMOUS-LIKE 24. The interest DAM other orthologs SVP (SVP-like) has notably increased due publication several reports suggesting their role control numerous including apple, pear, peach, Japanese apricot, kiwifruit among others. this review, we briefly describe physiological bases how it genetically regulated, with particular emphasis on SVP-like genes. We also provide detailed report most recent advances about transcriptional regulation these seasonal cues, epigenetics plant hormones. From information, propose tentative classification based pattern expression. Furthermore, discuss potential biological antagonizing function FLOWERING LOCUS T-like Finally, draw global picture possible model integrates molecular network trees.

Language: Английский

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Flowering time: From physiology, through genetics to mechanism

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195(1), P. 190 - 212

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Plant species have evolved different requirements for environmental/endogenous cues to induce flowering. Originally, these varying were thought reflect the action of molecular mechanisms. Thinking changed when genetic and analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that a network environmental endogenous signaling input pathways converge regulate common set “floral pathway integrators.” Variation predominance within can generate diversity observed species. Many genes identified by flowering time mutants found encode general developmental gene regulators, with their targets having specific function. Studies natural variation more successful at identifying acting as nodes central adaptation domestication. Attention has now turned mechanistic dissection function how during adaptation. This will inform breeding strategies climate-proof crops help define which act critical many other

Language: Английский

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An integrated approach for increasing breeding efficiency in apple and peach in Europe

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2018

Despite the availability of whole genome sequences apple and peach, there has been a considerable gap between genomics breeding. To bridge gap, European Union funded FruitBreedomics project (March 2011 to August 2015) involving 28 research institutes private companies. Three complementary approaches were pursued: (i) tool software development, (ii) deciphering genetic control main horticultural traits taking into account allelic diversity (iii) developing plant materials, tools methodologies for breeders. Decisive breakthroughs made including making available ready-to-go DNA diagnostic tests Marker Assisted Breeding, development new, dense SNP arrays in new phenotypic methods some complex traits, gene/QTL discovery on breeding germplasm via Pedigree Based Analysis (PBA). This resulted highly predictive molecular markers interest PBA Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) several genebank collections. also developed pre-breeding materials which multiple sources resistance pyramided that can support breeders their selection activities. Through FruitBreedomics, significant progresses field peach breeding, genetics, bioinformatics advantage will be by breeders, curators scientists. A major part data collected during stored database public. review covers scientific discoveries this endeavour, perspective Europe beyond.

Language: Английский

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Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: April 5, 2019

In 2010, a major scientific milestone was achieved for tree fruit crops: publication of the first draft whole genome sequence (WGS) apple (Malus domestica). This WGS, v1.0, valuable as initial reference information, fine mapping, gene discovery, variant and tool development. A new, high quality GDDH13 v1.1, released in 2017 now serves apple. Over past decade, these WGSs have had an enormous impact on our understanding biological functioning, trait physiology inheritance, leading to practical applications improving this highly valued crop. Causal identities phenotypes fundamental interest can today be discovered much more rapidly. Genome-wide polymorphisms at genetic resolution are screened efficiently over hundreds thousands individuals with new insights into relationships pedigrees. High-density maps constructed quantitative loci traits readily associated positional candidate genes and/or converted diagnostic tests breeders. We understand species, geographical, genomic origins domesticated precisely, well its relationship wild relatives. The WGS has turbo-charged application classical research steps crop improvement drives innovative methods achieve durable, environmentally sound, productive, consumer-desirable production. review includes examples basic breakthroughs challenges using WGSs. Recommendations "what's next" focus necessary upgrades data pool, use data, reach frontiers genomics-based

Language: Английский

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Using whole-genome SNP data to reconstruct a large multi-generation pedigree in apple germplasm

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2020

Abstract Background Apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit tree crops temperate areas, with great economic and cultural value. cultivars can be maintained for centuries in plant collections through grafting, some are thought to date as far back Roman times. Molecular markers provide a means reconstruct pedigrees thus shed light on recent history migration trade biological materials. The objective present study was identify relationships within set over 1400 mostly old apple using whole-genome SNP data (~ 253 K SNPs) order pedigrees. Results Using simple exclusion tests, based counting number Mendelian errors, more than thousand parent-offspring relations 295 complete families were identified. Additionally, grandparent couple identified missing parental side 26 pairings. Among 407 without second parent, 327 could oriented because individuals an offspring family or by historical parentage recording. Parents emblematic such ‘Ribston Pippin’, ‘White Transparent’ ‘Braeburn’ overall pedigree combining all encompassed seven generations revealed major impact two Renaissance French English origin, namely ‘Reinette Franche’ ‘Margil’, North-Eastern Europe cultivar from 1700s, ‘Alexander’. On contrary, several older cultivars, Middle Ages times, had no, only single, identifiable studied accessions. Frequent crosses between originating different European regions identified, especially nineteenth century onwards. Conclusions availability genotypes, previously filtered genetic uniqueness providing broad representation germplasm, has been instrumental success this large reconstruction. It enlightens empirical selection breeding provides insights speed-up future selection.

Language: Английский

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Genomic consequences of apple improvement

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract The apple ( Malus domestica ) is one of the world’s most commercially important perennial crops and its improvement has been focus human effort for thousands years. Here, we genetically characterise over 1000 accessions from United States Department Agriculture (USDA) germplasm collection using 30,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We confirm close genetic relationship between modern cultivars their primary progenitor species, sieversii Central Asia, find that cider apples derive more ancestry European crabapple, sylvestris , than do dessert apples. determine USDA a large complex pedigree: half interconnected by series first-degree relationships. In addition, 15% have with top 8 produced in USA. With exception ‘Honeycrisp’, are to each other via pedigree ‘Golden Delicious’ ‘Red were found 60 relatives, consistent repeated use breeders. detected signature intense selection red skin provide evidence breeders also selected increased firmness. Our results suggest Americans eating largely single family tree apple’s future will benefit exploitation tremendous natural diversity.

Language: Английский

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Marker-Assisted Selection in Breeding for Fruit Trait Improvement: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8984 - 8984

Published: May 19, 2023

Breeding fruit species is time-consuming and expensive. With few exceptions, trees are likely the worst to work with in terms of genetics breeding. Most characterized by large trees, long juvenile periods, intensive agricultural practice, environmental variability plays an important role heritability evaluations every single trait. Although vegetative propagation allows for production a significant number clonal replicates evaluation effects genotype × environment interactions, spaces required plant cultivation intensity necessary phenotypic surveys slow down researchers. Fruit breeders very often interested traits: size, weight, sugar acid content, ripening time, storability, post-harvest practices, among other traits relevant each individual species. The translation trait loci whole-genome sequences into diagnostic genetic markers that effective affordable use breeders, who must choose genetically superior parents subsequently individuals their progeny, one most difficult tasks still facing tree geneticists. availability updated sequencing techniques powerful software tools offered opportunity mine tens genomes find out sequence variants potentially useful as molecular markers. This review devoted analysing what has been assisting selection processes, emphasis on crops which examples trustworthy have developed, such MDo.chr9.4 marker red skin colour apples, CCD4-based CPRFC1, LG3_13.146 flesh peaches, papayas, cherries, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Autosuppression of MdNAC18.1 endowed by a 61‐bp promoter fragment duplication delays maturity date in apple

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Summary Maturity date considerably influences fruit marketing period and commercial value it is of particular importance in apple due to its association with firmness that determines storage shelf life, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we report a 61‐bp fragment duplication MdNAC18.1 promoter underpins maturity variation apple. crucial major gene for was found regulate ripening by activating transcription ethylene biosynthetic genes ripening‐related factors, including homologue MdNAC72 main regulator JA signalling MdMYC2. Interestingly, capable binding itself containing an additional NAC recognition site arose from repress own expression, could not bind without duplication. Thus, allele autosuppression function produces phenotype delayed slower softening compared autoregulation function. Our results demonstrate module regulates overall tempo through fine‐tuning biosynthesis.

Language: Английский

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Genome‐Wide Association Studies in Apple Reveal Loci for Aroma Volatiles, Sugar Composition, and Harvest Date

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: May 23, 2019

Understanding the genetic architecture of fruit quality traits is crucial to target breeding apple ( Malus domestica L.) cultivars. We linked genotype and phenotype information by combining genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) generated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with flavor volatile data, sugar acid content, historical trait data from a gene bank collection. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis juice samples, we identified 49 organic compounds (VOCs). found very variable content VOCs, especially for esters, among 149 convincing associations acetate esters butyl hexyl on chromosome 2 in region several alcohol acyl‐transferases including AAT1. For sucrose fructose percentage total sugars, revealed significant SNP associations. Here, suggest vacuolar invertase close SNPs this association as candidate gene. Harvest date was strong NAC transcription factor sequencing two haplotypes associated harvest date. The study shows that marker characterization collection can be successfully combined new studies. Suggested genes may contribute an improved understanding basis important simultaneously provide tools targeted using marker‐assisted selection (MAS).

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide association studies in apple reveal loci of large effect controlling apple polyphenols

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2019

Apples are a nutritious food source with significant amounts of polyphenols that contribute to human health and wellbeing, primarily as dietary antioxidants. Although numerous pre- post-harvest factors can affect the composition in apples, genetics is presumed play major role because polyphenol concentration varies dramatically among apple cultivars. Here we investigated genetic architecture by combining high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data ~100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from two diverse populations. We found vary up orders magnitude across cultivars, this dramatic variation was often predictable using markers frequently controlled small number large effect loci. Using GWAS, identified candidate genes for production quercitrin, epicatechin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid procyanidins B1, B2, C1. Our observation relatively simple underlies key apples suggests breeders may be able improve nutritional value through marker-assisted breeding or gene editing.

Language: Английский

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