Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 259 - 259

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, energy. It is key important environmental stress occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact multidimensional nature severely affects morphological, physiological, biochemical molecular attributes with adverse on photosynthetic capacity. Coping water scarcity, plants evolve complex resistance adaptation mechanisms including physiological responses, which differ species level. The sophisticated regularity network improves tolerance are briefly discussed. Growth pattern structural reduction transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance distribution, leaf rolling, root shoot ratio length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement efficiency, osmotic hormonal regulation, delayed senescence strategies adopted by under deficit. Approaches for drought alleviations breeding strategies, genomics perspectives special emphasis omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics phenomics improve plants. For induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) potassium application worth using conditions In addition, microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications metabolic engineering techniques regulate antioxidant enzymes activity plants, enhancing maintenance cell homeostasis ameliorates effects great potential agriculture.

Language: Английский

---

Drought or/and Heat-Stress Effects on Seed Filling in Food Crops: Impacts on Functional Biochemistry, Seed Yields, and Nutritional Quality

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 27, 2018

Drought and heat (high temperatures) stress are the prime abiotic stresses, under current future climate change scenarios. Any further increase in occurrence, extremity of these stresses either individually or combination,would severly reduce crop productivity global food security. Although, obstruct at all growth stages, however, extent damage reproductive phase growth, especially seed filling phase, is critical causes considerable yield losses. Heat drought substantially affect yields by reducing size number, eventually affecting commercial trait '100 weight' quality. Seed fiiling influenced various processes occurring leaves, production export photoassimilates, importing precursors for biosynthesis reserves, minerals other constituents. These highly sensitive to environmental including drought, due involvement several diverse enzymes trasnporters, located leaves seeds. We present here findings crops showing how their composition drastically impacted cellular levels stress, applied individually, combination. The combined found be extremely detrimental its quality, thus need more attention crops. Understanding prescise target sites regulating events seeds, they affected imperative improve It vital understand physiological, biochemical genetic mechanisms, which govern influencing enveironments devise strategies tolerance. Converging modern advances physiology, biochemistry biotechnology, "omics" technologies might our understanding about apects. Application knowledge from technological developments along with effective agronomic management would provide impetus developing varieties improved stresses.

Language: Английский

---

Research Progress and Perspective on Drought Stress in Legumes: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 2541 - 2541

Published: May 23, 2019

Climate change, food shortage, water scarcity, and population growth are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today's world. Drought stress (DS) poses a constant challenge for agricultural crops has been considered severe constraint global productivity; its intensity severity predicted to increase near future. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity DS, especially at vegetative reproductive stages. They mostly grown dry areas moderately drought tolerant, but DS leads remarkable production losses. The most prominent effects reduced germination, stunted growth, serious damage photosynthetic apparatus, decrease net photosynthesis, reduction nutrient uptake. To curb catastrophic effect legumes, it is imperative understand effects, mechanisms, agronomic genetic basis sustainable management. This review highlights impact on proposes appropriate management approaches alleviate stress. In our discussion, we outline influence physiological aspects (such as uptake), parameters yield. Additionally, various strategies, instance, practices (planting time geometry, management), plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genomics advanced strategies (CRISPR-Cas9) also critically discussed. We propose that integration several such biotechnological well genome editing tools needed develop drought-tolerant legume cultivars.

Language: Английский

---

Insights into Drought Stress Signaling in Plants and the Molecular Genetic Basis of Cotton Drought Tolerance

Cells, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 105 - 105

Published: Dec. 31, 2019

Drought stress restricts plant growth and development by altering metabolic activity biological functions. However, plants have evolved several cellular molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress. tolerance is a multiplex trait involving the activation of signaling differentially expressed responses. Broadly, comprises two steps: sensing/signaling various parallel responses (including physiological, molecular, biochemical mechanisms) in plants. At level, induces oxidative overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately causing cell membrane rupture stimulating pathways (ROS, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase, Ca

Language: Английский

---

Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1084 - 1084

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Drought is one of the major constraints to rain-fed agricultural production, especially under climate change conditions. Plants evolved an array adaptive strategies that perceive stress stimuli and respond these signals through specific mechanisms. Abscisic acid (ABA) a premier signal for plants drought plays critical role in plant growth development. ABA triggers variety physiological processes such as stomatal closure, root system modulation, organizing soil microbial communities, activation transcriptional post-transcriptional gene expression, metabolic alterations. Thus, understanding mechanisms ABA-mediated responses ensuring crop yield global food security. In this review, we highlighted how adjust perception, levels ABA- drought-related genes, regulation pathways alter at both cellular whole level. Understanding synergetic will strengthen our knowledge develop stress-resilient crops integrated advanced biotechnology approaches. This review elaborate on genetic, biochemical, molecular plants, which advancement biology research.

Language: Английский

---

Revolutions in agriculture chart a course for targeted breeding of old and new crops

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6466)

Published: Sept. 5, 2019

Growing more and better food Increasing human populations demand productive agriculture, which in turn relies on crop plants adjusted for high-yield systems. Eshed Lippman review how genetic tuning of the signaling systems that regulate flowering plant architecture can be applied to crops. Crops flower sooner might adaptable regions with shorter growing seasons, compact shapes facilitate agricultural management. The universality these hormone facilitates application a range crops, from orphan teff well-known wheat. Science , this issue p. eaax0025

Language: Английский

---

Effect of Abiotic Stress on Crops

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 17, 2020

Crop yield is mainly influenced by climatic factors, agronomic pests and nutrient availability in the soil. Stress any adverse environmental condition that hampers proper growth of plant. Abiotic stress creates effect on multiple procedures morphology, biochemistry physiology are directly connected with quantitative trait hence genes linked to these traits can be identified used select desirable alleles responsible for tolerance Plants initiate a number molecular, cellular physiological modifications react adapt abiotic stress. productivity significantly affected drought, salinity cold. reduce water plant roots increasing soluble salts soil plants suffer from increased osmotic pressure outside root. Physiological changes include lowering leaf potential, potential relative content, creation nutritional imbalance, enhancing injury or one more combination factors. Morphological biochemical root shoot length, leaves, secondary metabolite (glycine betaine, proline, MDA, abscisic acid) accumulation plant, source sink ratio. Proposed chapter will concentrate response contemporary breeding application tolerance.

Language: Английский

---

Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identify QTL Hotspots for Yield and Component Traits in Durum Wheat Grown under Yield Potential, Drought, and Heat Stress Environments

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 6, 2018

Understanding the genetic bases of economically important traits is fundamentally in enhancing gains durum wheat. In this study, a panel 208 lines (comprised elite materials and exotics from International Maize Wheat Improvement Center gene bank) were subjected to genome wide association study (GWAS) using 6,211 DArTseq single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The was phenotyped under yield potential (YP), drought stress (DT), heat (HT) conditions for two years. Mean reduced by 72% (to 1.64 t/ha) HT 60% 2.33 DT, compared YP (5.79 t/ha). Whereas, mean 30% less than DT. GWAS identified largest number significant marker-trait associations on chromosomes 2A 2B with p-values 10-06 10-03 markers whole explained 7 25% variation traits. Common tolerance indices: susceptibility index, tolerance, index estimated DT (82 cM 2B) (68 83 3B; 25 7A). irrigated (YP combined), stressed (DT combined analysis three environments + HT), its comparison trait per se indices QTL hotspots (54 70 cM) (75 82 cM). This enhances our knowledge about molecular associated grain components different conditions. It identifies several further exploration validation marker-assisted breeding.

Language: Английский

---

Arabidopsis ABF3 and ABF4 Transcription Factors Act with the NF-YC Complex to Regulate SOC1 Expression and Mediate Drought-Accelerated Flowering

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 489 - 505

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Drought tolerance during reproductive development is important for increasing wheat yield potential under climate change in Europe

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 70(9), P. 2549 - 2560

Published: June 12, 2018

Drought stress during reproductive development could drastically reduce wheat grain number and yield, but quantitative evaluation of such an effect is unknown under climate change. The objectives this study were to evaluate potential yield benefits drought tolerance for ideotypes change in Europe, identify cultivar parameters improvement. We used the Sirius model optimize drought-tolerant (DT) drought-sensitive (DS) a future 2050 scenario at 13 contrasting sites, representing major growing regions Europe. Averaged over DT achieved 13.4% greater compared with DS, higher stability. However, performances site dependent. Mean was 28-37% DS southern In contrast, no difference (≤1%) between found north-western An intermediate benefit 10-23% due central eastern conclude that important high potentials stability

Language: Английский

---