Smart agriculture for food quality: facing climate change in the 21st century

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 61(6), P. 971 - 981

Published: April 9, 2020

Climate change, with increasing temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, constitutes a severe threat to the environment all living organisms. In particular, numerous studies suggest consequences for health of crop plants, affecting both productivity quality raw material destined food industry. Of particular concern is reduction proteins essential micronutrients as iron zinc in crops. Fighting this alarming trends challenge Climate-Smart Agriculture double goal reducing environmental impacts (use pesticides, nitrogen phosphorus leaching, soil erosion, water depletion contamination) improving consequently quality. Organic farming, biofertilizers lesser extent nano-carriers, improve antioxidant properties fruits, but data about are rather contradictory. On other hand, advanced devices Precision allow cultivations be more profitable, efficient, contributing reduce pest diseases increase agricultural products safety. Thus, nowadays adoption technologies applied sustainable farming systems challenging dynamic issue facing negative due climate changes.

Language: Английский

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Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Rising global temperatures due to climate change are affecting crop performance in several regions of the world. High affect plants at various organizational levels, primarily accelerating phenology limit biomass production and shortening reproductive phase curtail flower fruit numbers, thus resulting severe yield losses. Besides, heat stress also disrupts normal growth, development, cellular metabolism, gene expression, which alters shoot root structures, branching patterns, leaf surface orientation, anatomical, structural, functional aspects leaves flowers. The growth stage is crucial life cycle, susceptible high temperatures, as processes negatively impacted reducing yield. Genetic variation exists among genotypes crops resist impacts stress. Several screening studies have successfully phenotyped large populations distinguish heat-tolerant heat-sensitive using traits, related shoots (including leaves), flowers, fruits (pods, spikes, spikelets) seeds (or grains), led direct release cultivars some cases (such chickpea). In present review, we discuss examples contrasting for tolerance different crops, involving many traits thermotolerance (membrane thermostability, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content, fluorescence, stomatal activity), flowers (pollen viability, pollen germination, fertilization, ovule viability), roots (architecture), biomolecules (antioxidants, osmolytes, phytohormones, heat-shock proteins, other proteins), ‘omics’ (phenomics, transcriptomics, genomics) approaches. linked can be introgressed into yielding but enhance their thermotolerance. Involving these will useful would pave way characterizing underlying molecular mechanisms, could valuable engineering with enhanced Wherever possible, discussed breeding biotechnological approaches develop food crops.

Language: Английский

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Abiotic Stresses and Their Effects on Plant Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Agricultural Produce

International journal of food science and agriculture, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 367 - 378

Published: Oct. 14, 2020

Abiotic stresses, like extreme temperature, drought, flood, salinity, and heavy metals, are some of the major factors that limit crop productivity quality.Abiotic stresses considerably affect growth, development, plants, such adverse environmental conditions may reduce performance with reduced yield from 50% to 70%.Emission greenhouse gases different sources is believed be one responsible for gradual increase in global ambient temperature (global warming).Global warming has also changed precipitation pattern contributing erratic drought/flood stress.Abiotic particularly drought heat stress, during vegetative reproductive stage growth adversely biomass, grain yield, quality produce.A combination abiotic example, heat, have much greater effects on produce.However, responses plants these vary across species, as well at developmental stages.Scarcity water (drought) higher induces stress-associated metabolic responses, stomatal closure significantly decreases uptake CO 2 .As a result, reduction equivalents (e.g.NADPH + H ) fixation via Calvin cycle declines considerably.Not only photosynthetic process but biosynthetic processes involved proteins, lipids, minerals metabolism affectedby adaptive responses.As consequence shifts, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, mineral compositions affected by stresses.Although stress cereals legumes relatively well-understood, further research combined biotic their nutritional produce needs undertaken.Molecular genetics tolerance mechanisms likely pave way forward developing can withstand give economic under stresses.

Language: Английский

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The heat is on: how crop growth, development, and yield respond to high temperature

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 28, 2021

Plants are exposed to a wide range of temperatures during their life cycle and need continuously adapt. These adaptations deal with temperature changes on daily seasonal level affected by climate change. Increasing global negatively impact crop performance, several physiological, biochemical, morphological developmental responses increased have been described that allow plants mitigate this. In this review, we assess various growth, development, yield-related crops extreme moderate high temperature, focusing knowledge gained from both monocot (e.g. wheat, barley, maize, rice) dicot soybean tomato) incorporating information model Arabidopsis Brachypodium). This revealed common different between crops, defined thresholds depending the species, growth stage organ.

Language: Английский

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Physiological and molecular insights on wheat responses to heat stress

Plant Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(3), P. 501 - 518

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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