Impact of polyploidy on plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Polyploidy, defined as the coexistence of three or more complete sets chromosomes in an organism's cells, is considered a pivotal moving force evolutionary history vascular plants and has played major role domestication several crops. In last decades, improved cultivars economically important species have been developed artificially by inducing autopolyploidy with chemical agents. Studies on diverse shown that anatomical physiological changes generated either natural artificial polyploidization can increase tolerance to abiotic biotic stresses well disease resistance, which may positively impact plant growth net production. The aim this work review current literature regarding link between ploidy level stressors, emphasis molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects, their development both polyploids, during exposure adverse environmental conditions. We focused analysis those types stressors progress made knowledge putative morpho-physiological and/or involved, revealing factors common, need be addressed future research.

Language: Английский

---

CRISPR-Based Crop Improvements: A Way Forward to Achieve Zero Hunger

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(30), P. 8307 - 8323

Published: July 21, 2021

Zero hunger is one of the sustainable development goals set by United Nations in 2015 to achieve global food security 2030. The current harvest crops insufficient; feeding world's population and meeting goal zero 2030 will require larger more consistent crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) technology widely used for plant genome editing. In this review, we consider as a potential tool achieving hunger. We provide comprehensive overview CRISPR-Cas its most important applications crops' improvement. also conferred technological breakthroughs that help breeding future end regulatory aspects deploying commercial sectors, bioethics, production transgene-free plants are discussed. hope system accelerate improved cultivars compared with conventional pave way toward goal.

Language: Английский

---

The protective role of tetraploidy and nanoparticles in arsenic-stressed rice: Evidence from RNA sequencing, ultrastructural and physiological studies

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 458, P. 132019 - 132019

Published: July 7, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Polyploidy – A tool in adapting trees to future climate changes? A review of polyploidy in trees

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 560, P. 121767 - 121767

Published: March 16, 2024

Polyploidy, or genome doubling, has occurred repeatedly through plant evolution. While polyploid plants are used extensively in agriculture and horticulture, they have so far found limited use forestry. Here we review the potentials of trees under climate change, investigate if there is support for increased use. We find that like other consistent increases cell sizes compared to diploids, leaf-area based rates photosynthesis tend increase with increasing levels ploidy. no particular trend could be discerned terms biomass between different ploidy levels, physiology affected by polyploidization several studies point towards a high potential adapt drought stress. The level most tree species unknown, analysis geographical patterns frequencies inconclusive. Artificial often created colchicine few cases these been successfully applied forestry, but effects induced many economically important remains untested. Polyploids would also increasingly useful breeding programs, create synthetic hybrids sterile triploids control unwanted spreading germplasm nature. In conclusion, this suggests may superior change some cases, polyploids not yet fully known should evaluated on case-to-case basis species.

Language: Английский

---

In vitro tetraploidy induction creates enhancements in morphological, physiological and phytochemical characteristics in the fig tree (Ficus Carica L.)

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 191 - 202

Published: June 1, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Pangenomics and Crop Genome Adaptation in a Changing Climate

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 1949 - 1949

Published: July 27, 2022

During crop domestication and breeding, wild plant species have been shaped into modern high-yield crops adapted to the main agro-ecological regions. However, climate change will impact productivity in these regions, agriculture needs adapt support future food production. On a global scale, relatives grow more diverse environments than species, so may host genes that could adaptation of new variable environments. Through identification individuals with increased resilience we gain greater understanding genomic basis for this transfer crops. Pangenome analysis can help identify underlying stress responses harbouring untapped diversity relatives. The information gained from pangenomes then be applied towards breeding existing or re-domesticating crops, combining environmental traits productivity.

Language: Английский

---

Specific Physiological and Anatomical Traits Associated With Polyploidy and Better Detoxification Processes Contribute to Improved Huanglongbing Tolerance of the Persian Lime Compared With the Mexican Lime

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Huanglongbing (HLB) is presently a major threat to the citrus industry. Because of this disease, millions trees are currently dying worldwide. The putative causal agent motile bacteria belonging Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which transmitted by psyllids. responsible for synthesis callose at phloem sieve plate, leading obstruction pores that provide connections between adjacent elements, thus limiting symplastic transport sugars and starches synthesized in leaves other plant organs. Persian triploid lime ( Citrus latifolia ) one most HLB-tolerant varieties, but determinants associated with tolerance still unknown. HLB-infected diploid Mexican aurantiifolia were investigated. leaf petiole was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observe deposition plate. Leaf starch contents detoxification enzyme activities In field, present more limited symptoms due HLB than do. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration decreased compared control plants, values remained greater lime. Analysis plate samples showed approximately 1.8-fold larger SEM analyses symptomatic important into limes, whereas biochemical revealed better limes limes. Moreover, infected asymptomatic much depositions pores, traits behavior Our results reveal polyploids specific behaviors physiological may explain against

Language: Английский

---

Tetraploidy Confers Superior in vitro Water-Stress Tolerance to the Fig Tree (Ficus carica) by Reinforcing Hormonal, Physiological, and Biochemical Defensive Systems

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

The fig tree is a well-adapted and promising fruit for sustainable production in arid semi-arid areas worldwide. Recently, Iran’s dryland orchards have been severely damaged due to prolonged severe consecutive drought periods. As emphasized many studies, ploidy manipulated plants significantly enhanced tolerance. In the current study, we compared induced autotetraploid explants of two cultivars (‘Sabz’ ‘Torsh’) with their diploid control water stress tolerance under vitro conditions using different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25%). After 14 days implementing treatments, results revealed that both tetraploid genotypes survived at 20% PEG treatments. Only ‘Sabz’ 25% treatment, while could tolerate intensity only until 15% treatment. also demonstrated had higher growth rate, more leaf numbers, greater fresh dry weights than plants. Under maintain relative content (RWC) low-risk level (80–85%), RWC drastically declined 55–62%. ion leakage percentage was lower According results, these superiorities be attributed levels response hormones including abscisic acid, salicylic jasmonic acid robust osmotic adjustment by increased total soluble sugar (TSS), proline, glycine betaine contents, augmented enzymatic defense system superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione (GPX) activities genotypes, genotypes. Consequently, study genotype other tested

Language: Английский

---

Development of homozygous tetraploid potato and whole genome doubling-induced the enrichment of H3K27ac and potentially enhanced resistance to cold-induced sweetening in tubers

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Polyploid plants typically display advantages on some agronomically important traits over their diploid counterparts. Extensive studies have shown genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic dynamics upon polyploidization in multiple plant species. However, few unveiled those alternations imposed only by ploidy level, without any interference from heterozygosity. Cultivated potato is highly heterozygous. Thus, this study, we developed two homozygous autotetraploid lines one line parallel a potato. We confirmed levels using chloroplast counting karyotyping. Oligo-FISH genome re-sequencing validated that these are nearly homozygous. investigated variations phenotypes, transcription, histone modifications between ploidies. Both produced larger but fewer tubers than the line. Interestingly, each displayed ploidy-related differential expression for various genes. also discovered genome-wide enrichment of H3K27ac genic regions whole-genome doubling (WGD). such was not associated with gene The tetraploid may exhibit better resistance to cold-induced sweetening (CIS) tubers, potentially regulated through CIS-related key genes, which seems be H3K4me3 cold-stored tubers. These findings will help understand impacts autotetraploidization modifications, as well genes response cold storage.

Language: Английский

---

Hydraulic tradeoffs underlie enhanced performance of polyploid trees under soil water deficit

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 192(3), P. 1821 - 1835

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract The relationships between aerial organ morpho-anatomy of woody polyploid plants with their functional hydraulics under water stress remain largely understudied. We evaluated growth-associated traits, xylem anatomy, and physiological parameters diploid, triploid, tetraploid genotypes atemoyas (Annona cherimola × Annona squamosa), which belong to the perennial genus (Annonaceae), testing performance long-term soil reduction. contrasting phenotypes vigorous triploids dwarf tetraploids consistently showed stomatal size-density tradeoff. vessel elements in organs were ∼1.5 times wider polyploids compared diploids, displayed lowest density. Plant hydraulic conductance was higher well-irrigated diploids while tolerance drought lower. phenotypic disparity atemoya associated leaf stem porosity traits that coordinate regulate balances trees belowground aboveground environments. Polyploid better scarcity, consequently, could present more sustainable agricultural forestry cope stress.

Language: Английский

---