A Review on the Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas9/Cas12/Cas13/Cas14 Proteins Utilized for Genome Engineering

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(3), P. 311 - 325

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Advances in Crop Breeding Through Precision Genome Editing

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 14, 2022

The global climate change and unfavourable abiotic biotic factors are limiting agricultural productivity therefore intensifying the challenges for crop scientists to meet rising demand food supply. introduction of applied genetics agriculture through plant breeding facilitated development hybrid varieties with improved productivity. However, new existing gene pools poses a challenge breeders. Genetic engineering holds potential broaden genetic diversity by genes into crops. But random insertion foreign DNA plant’s nuclear genome often leads transgene silencing. Recent advances in field include technique called editing. Genome editing technologies have emerged as powerful tools precisely modify genomes at specific sites genome, which has been longstanding goal precise modification target absence genome-edited plants, faster cheaper method remarkable features genome-editing technology that resulted its widespread application less than decade. This review focuses on precision includes: an overview different approaches improvement; their mechanism action most widely used technology, CRISPR/Cas9, improvement especially agronomic traits such disease resistance, stress tolerance, herbicide yield quality improvement, reduction anti-nutrients, shelf life; update regulatory approval also throws light high-yielding climate-resilient crops

Language: Английский

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Plant synthetic biology for producing potent phyto-antimicrobials to combat antimicrobial resistance

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 107729 - 107729

Published: March 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and Nature of Off-Target Modifications by CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing in Plants

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 192 - 201

Published: March 3, 2022

CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing allows for precise and targeted genetic modification of plants. Nevertheless, unintended off-target edits can arise that might confer risks when present in gene-edited food crops. Through an extensive literature review we gathered information on CRISPR-Cas Most observed changes were small insertions or deletions (1–22 bp) nucleotide substitutions, large (>100 rare. One study detected the insertion vector-derived DNA sequences, which is important considering risk assessment Off-target sites had few mismatches (1–3 nt) with target sequence mainly located protein-coding regions, often gene homologues. Off-targets predominantly via biased analysis predicted instead unbiased genome-wide analysis. CRISPR-Cas-edited plants showed lower mutation frequencies than conventionally bred This Review aid discussions relevance evaluating modifications

Language: Английский

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Genome Editing for Sustainable Agriculture in Africa

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: May 12, 2022

Sustainable intensification of agriculture in Africa is essential for accomplishing food and nutritional security addressing the rising concerns climate change. There an urgent need to close yield gap staple crops enhance production feed growing population. In order meet increasing demand food, more efficient approaches produce are needed. All tools available toolbox, including modern biotechnology traditional, be applied crop improvement. The full potential new breeding such as genome editing needs exploited addition conventional technologies. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)-based has rapidly become most prevalent genetic engineering approach developing improved varieties because its simplicity, efficiency, specificity, easy use. Genome improves variety by modifying endogenous free any foreign gene. Hence, genome-edited with no gene integration not regulated genetically modified organisms (GMOs) several countries. Researchers using CRISPR/Cas-based improving African biotic abiotic stress resistance quality. Many products, disease-resistant banana, maize resistant lethal necrosis, sorghum parasitic plant Striga enhanced quality, under development farmers. a creating enabling environment science-based regulatory guidelines release adoption products developed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing. Some progress been made this regard. Nigeria Kenya have recently published national biosafety regulation This article summarizes recent advances developments tools, applications crops, policies Africa.

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic insights of CRISPR/Cas nucleases for programmable targeting and early-stage diagnosis: A review

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 203, P. 114033 - 114033

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 12053 - 12053

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops not tolerant climatic environments. aim near future, a world with hunger an population, breed and/or engineer tolerate abiotic stress higher yield. Some crop varieties display certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders develop thrive under conditions. Moreover, long list genes involved tolerance have identified characterized molecular techniques overexpressed individually transformation experiments. Nevertheless, phenotypes polygenetic traits, current genomic tools dissecting exploit their use accelerating genetic introgression using markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe mechanisms sense adverse conditions examine discuss classic new select improve crops.

Language: Английский

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A Review on Advanced CRISPR-Based Genome-Editing Tools: Base Editing and Prime Editing

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(6), P. 849 - 860

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Boosting genome editing efficiency in human cells and plants with novel LbCas12a variants

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 30, 2023

Cas12a (formerly known as Cpf1), the class II type V CRISPR nuclease, has been widely used for genome editing in mammalian cells and plants due to its distinct characteristics from Cas9. Despite being one of most robust nucleases, LbCas12a general is less efficient than SpCas9 human cells, animals, plants.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Gene Therapeutics for Epidermolysis Bullosa under Development

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2243 - 2243

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

The monogenetic disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is characterised by the formation of extended blisters and lesions on patient's skin upon minimal mechanical stress. Causal for this severe condition are genetic mutations in genes, leading to functional impairment, reduction, or absence encoded protein within skin's basement membrane zone connecting epidermis underlying dermis. major burden affected families justifies development long-lasting curative therapies operating at genomic level. landscape causal EB steadily expanding due recent breakthroughs gene therapy field, providing promising outcomes patients suffering from disease. Currently, two therapeutic approaches show promise EB. clinically more advanced replacement strategy was successfully applied forms, a ground-breaking vivo product named beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC) recently approved US Food Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, continuous innovations both designer nucleases editing technologies enable efficient potentially safe repair permanent manner, inspiring researchers field define reach new milestones

Language: Английский

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