Physiological Responses to Drought, Salinity, and Heat Stress in Plants: A Review

Stresses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 113 - 135

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

On the world stage, increase in temperatures due to global warming is already a reality that has become one of main challenges faced by scientific community. Since agriculture highly dependent on climatic conditions, it may suffer great impact short term if no measures are taken adapt and mitigate agricultural system. Plant responses abiotic stresses have been subject research numerous groups worldwide. Initially, these studies were concentrated model plants, and, later, they expanded their several economically important crops such as rice, corn, soybeans, coffee, others. However, agronomic evaluations for launching cultivars classical genetic improvement process focus, above all, productivity, historically leaving factors tolerance background. Considering importance can term, new strategies currently being sought adopted breeding programs understand physiological, biochemical, molecular environmental disturbances plants interest, thus ensuring food security. Moreover, integration approaches bringing insights breeding. We will discuss how water deficit, high temperatures, salinity exert effects plants.

Language: Английский

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How Do Plants Respond to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress?—A Systematic Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(21), P. 2884 - 2884

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Plants are frequently exposed to one or more abiotic stresses, including combined salinity-drought, which significantly lowers plant growth. Many studies have been conducted evaluate the responses of plants salinity and drought stress. However, a meta-analysis-based systematic review has not yet. Therefore, this study analyzed how respond differently salinity-drought stress compared either alone. We initially retrieved 536 publications from databases selected 30 research articles following rigorous screening. Data on growth-related, physiological, biochemical parameters were collected these analyzed. Overall, greater negative impact growth, photosynthesis, ionic balance, oxidative balance than In some cases, had vice versa. Drought inhibited photosynthesis salinity, whereas caused imbalance Single reduced shoot biomass equally, but root drought. experienced under conditions because antioxidant levels did increase in response individual This provided comparative understanding plants’ stress, identified several gaps. More comprehensive genetic physiological needed understand intricate interplay between plants.

Language: Английский

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Enhancement of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) via Foliar Application of Nitric Oxide

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1115 - 1115

Published: March 1, 2023

Salt stress negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of horticultural crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a signaling molecule that plays key role in plant defense system under salt stress. This study investigated impact exogenous application 0.2 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) on tolerance physiological morphological characteristics lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) (25, 50, 75, 100 mM). caused marked decrease yield, carotenoids photosynthetic pigments stressed plants as compared to control ones. Results showed significantly affected oxidative compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) ascorbate (APX)) non-oxidative (ascorbic acid, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, H2O2) lettuce. Moreover, decreased nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium ions (K+) while increasing Na (Na+) leaves The increased ascorbic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) MDA content In addition, H2O2 leaf N control, P root K+ all treatments decreasing Na+ salt-stressed plants. These results provide evidence helps mitigate effects.

Language: Английский

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The critical role of biochar to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought and salinity stress in plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 8, 2023

Drought stress (DS) is a potential abiotic that substantially reducing crop productivity across the globe. Likewise, salinity (SS) another serious also major threat to global productivity. The rapid climate change increased intensity of both stresses which pose food security; therefore, it urgently needed tackle ensure better production. Globally, different measures are being used improve under conditions. Among these measures, biochar (BC) has been widely soil health and promote yield application BC improves organic matter, structure, aggregate stability, water nutrient holding capacity, activity beneficial microbes fungi, leads an appreciable increase in tolerance damaging stresses. protects membrane uptake, maintains homeostasis, reduces reactive oxygen species production (ROS) through enhanced antioxidant activities, thereby improving Moreover, BC-mediated improvements properties photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll synthesis, gene expression, stress-responsive proteins, maintain osmolytes hormonal balance, turn against osmotic ionic In conclusion, could be promising amendment bring drought Therefore, present review, we have discussed various mechanisms salt tolerance. This review will help readers learn more about role causing plants, provide new suggestions on how this current knowledge can develop

Language: Английский

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Physiological Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Detoxification in Tomato Plants Mediated by Endophytic Fungi under Nickel and Cadmium Stress

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 221, P. 109589 - 109589

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Contrivance of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes to Mitigate Climate Change Impact in Agriculture

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 1841 - 1841

Published: Aug. 30, 2021

Combating the consequences of climate change is extremely important and critical in context feeding world’s population. Crop simulation models have been extensively studied recently to investigate impact on agricultural productivity food security. Drought salinity are major environmental stresses that cause changes physiological, biochemical, molecular processes plants, resulting significant crop losses. Excessive use chemicals has become a severe threat human health environment. The beneficial microorganisms an environmentally friendly method increasing yield under stress conditions. These microbes enhance plant growth through various mechanisms such as production hormones, ACC deaminase, VOCs EPS, modulate hormone synthesis other metabolites plants. This review aims decipher effect promoting bacteria (PGPB) abiotic soil associated with global (viz., drought salinity). application stress-resistant PGPB may not only help combating effects stressors, but also lead mitigation change. More thorough level studies needed future assess their cumulative influence development.

Language: Английский

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Potential of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles for enhancing seedling emergence, vigor and tolerance indices and DPPH free radical scavenging in two varieties of soybean under salinity stress

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

Considering titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) role in plant growth and especially tolerance against abiotic stress, the present work, TiO2 NPs were green synthesized using an aqueous solution of Aloe vera leaf extract as a capping agent tetrachloride precursor. These characterized different techniques: UV spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results revealed that possess tetragonal morphology with size ranging from 10 to 25 nm. Additionally, work evaluated effects three concentrations (0, 30 50 ppm) six NaCl 25, 50, 100, 150 200 mM) their interactions respect germination parameters, vigor indices, oxidative stress DPPH free radical scavenging two varieties soybean (Glycine max L. var. 22 35).Results demonstrated all traits indices negatively affected under salinity levels. Also, contents hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased by increasing varieties. Most interestingly, (30 mediated positive on reducing H2O2 MDA enhancing antioxidant (decreasing IC50) whereas ppm showed intermediate response both control saline soil conditions.Our findings demonstrate enhancement application well its ameliorative potential dealing salinity.

Language: Английский

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Physiological and transcriptome analyses demonstrate the silver nanoparticles mediated alleviation of salt stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L)

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 318, P. 120863 - 120863

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Influence of polyvinyl chloride microplastic on chromium uptake and toxicity in sweet potato

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 114526 - 114526

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

The extensive use of plastic products and rapid industrialization have created a universal concern about microplastics (MPs). MPs can pose serious environmental risks when combined with heavy metals. However, current research on the effects hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] plants is insufficient. Herein, 14-day hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate impact PVC (100 200 mg/L) Cr(VI) (5, 10, 20 μM) alone in combination sweet potato. Results showed that affected plant growth parameters significantly, but did not. application resulted decrease height (24-65%), fresh biomass per (36-71%), chlorophyll content (16-34%). bioaccumulation increased increase its doses, highest concentration leaves (16.45 mg/kg), stems (13.81 roots (236.65 mg/kg). MPs-induced inhibition varied doses. Osmolytes antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 contents were significantly increased, while antioxidant enzymes except CAT decreased increasing mixed treatments. presence promoted accumulation potato plants, which clearly severe toxic their physio-biochemical characteristics, as indicated by negative correlation between these parameters. not inhibit findings this study provide valuable implications for proper management plants.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering the impact of AM fungi on wheat nutrient uptake, ion homeostasis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense under salinity stress

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract The growth of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) is constrained by soil salinity, although some fungal species have been shown to enhance production in saline environments. yield grain crops affected salt stress, and this study aimed investigate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) mitigates stress. An experiment was conducted assess the impact AMF on conditions 200 mM Wheat seeds were coated with at a rate 0.1 g (10 8 spores) during sowing. results demonstrated that inoculation led significant improvement attributes wheat, including root shoot length, fresh dry weight shoot. Furthermore, increase chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids observed S2 treatment, validating effectiveness enhancing under stress conditions. Additionally, application reduced negative effects salinity increasing uptake micronutrients such as Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn while regulating Na (decrease) K (increase) In conclusion, confirms successful strategy for reducing yield. However, further investigations are recommended field level different cereal establish more effective amendment alleviation wheat.

Language: Английский

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