Viticulture in a Warming World: Navigating Climate Challenges

Published: June 17, 2024

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivation represents a significant sector of global agriculture, contributing to the production wine grapes, table dried fruits, and fruit juice. While traditionally thriving in diverse climatic soil conditions, grapevines are increasingly challenged by impacts climate change, including rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, heightened occurrences extreme weather events. This review examines multifaceted challenges posed change on grapevine cultivation, focusing key stressors such as heat stress, drought, flooding, alterations dynamics, early maturation, increased susceptibility pests diseases. Furthermore, explains adaptation strategies that can be employed enhance resilience climate-related risks ensure sustainability viticulture under evolving environmental conditions. In conclusion, this emphasizes necessity for collaborative research efforts proactive measures within viticultural community address safeguard future production.

Language: Английский

Grapevines grown from canes having spent 10 months in space: study of their downy mildew susceptibility

Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

The control of plant diseases represents a significant challenge in agriculture, particularly with the current emphasis on reducing pesticide use, necessitating alternative approaches. Among them, resistant breeding programs offer promising alternative. Considering stressful conditions space, space emerge as an innovative method for advancing crop improvement. This study explored unique potential International Space Station (ISS) environment to induce beneficial modifications grapevine, resulting plants reduced susceptibility diseases. Canes two Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Merlot (Me), have undergone 10-month journey on-board ISS, while others stayed Earth (Ground Control, GC). We conducted 2-year analysis response downy mildew ( Plasmopara viticola ) developed from ISS GC canes, called Mother plants. disease development progenies produced was also evaluated. A higher proportion individuals low-susceptibility noted group compared controls both cultivars. trend observed progenies. Finally, 11% (Mother progenies, 2 years study) were distributed low class. suggests that grapevine canes exposure resulted enhanced percentage showing reduction mildew.

Language: Английский

UV light and adaptive divergence of leaf physiology, anatomy, and ultrastructure drive heat stress tolerance in genetically distant grapevines

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 18, 2024

The genetic basis of plant response to light and heat stresses had been unveiled, different molecular mechanisms leaf cell homeostasis keep high physiological performances were recognized in grapevine varieties. However, the ability develop stress tolerance strategies must be further elucidated since morpho-anatomical traits involved may vary with genotype × environment combination, intensity, duration. A 3-year experiment was conducted on potted plants Sardinian red cultivars Cannonau (syn. Grenache) Carignano Carignan), exposed prolonged inside a UV-blocking greenhouse, either submitted low daily UV-B doses 4.63 kJ m −2 d −1 (+UV) or 0 (−UV), compared control (C) solar radiation (4.05 average dose). Irrigation supplied avoid water stress, canopy thermal microclimate monitored continuously. Heat exceeded one-third duration greenhouse 6% C. In vivo spectroscopy, including reflectance fluorescence, allowed for characterizing patterns metabolites oxidative protection. showed lower stomatal conductance under C (200 mmol s ) but more than twice values (400 900 ), where use efficiency reduced similarly both Under severe −UV, sharper decrease primary photochemical activity higher pigment indexes mass area. increased pigments, especially Carignano, regulatory prevent damage observed cross-sections. induced chloroplast swelling, plastoglobule diffusion, accumulation secretion deposits varieties, aggravated −UV by vacuolation, membrane dilation, diffused blade spot swelling. Conversely, UV-B, wall barriers calcium oxalate crystals proliferated mesophyll cells. These responses suggest an adaptive divergence among light. Further research biodiversity, heat, interactions give new insights extent improve viticulture climate change hotspots.

Language: Английский