Journal of Biological Control,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 131 - 144
Published: Sept. 30, 2023
The
present
study
was
intended
to
optimize
the
culture
conditions
for
secondary
metabolite
production
by
endophytic
fungi.
Based
on
morphology
and
phylogeny,
fungus
identified
as
Trichoderma
longibrachiatum
isolated
from
brinjal
leaf
based
morphological
characterization.
antifungal
activity
evaluated
against
phytopathogens
such
Macrophomina
phaseolina,
Phytopthora
infestans,
Colletotrichum
falcatum
gloeosporioides
through
overlapping
method,
filtrate
organic
fraction
Potato
dextrose
both
a
growth
medium.
exhibited
significant
activity,
while
modifications
in
medium
composition
may
possess
major
impact
quantity
quality
of
metabolites
production.
To
achieve
maximum
production,
optimized
with
screening
basal
media,
carbon,
nitrogen,
pH,
trace
elements
incubation
period.
final
fermentation
were
Minimal
ereavis
broth
media;
glucose
sucrose
carbon
source;
Peptone
Yeast
extract
nitrogen
source,
sodium
nitrate
precursor;
pH
6;
period
7
days
at
28°C.
This
optimization
resulted
47.19-60.67%
M.
P.
C.
falcatum,
which
higher
than
that
before
(43.80%).
GCMS
revealed
distinct
T.
longibrachiatum,
comprising
molecules
additional
bioactivities.
These
results
strengthen
ongoing
research
disease
control
agriculture
emphasizing
biocontrol
potential
phyllosphere
plant
pathogenic
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: March 26, 2025
The
increase
in
demand
for
food
production
due
to
the
ever-increasing
human
population
across
world
requires
that
should
grow
exponentially.
For
agricultural
meet
needs
of
requirements
and
demands
there
is
a
need
sustainable
practices
will
ensure
availability
without
affecting
soil
health,
biota
fertility.
Over
years,
many
plant
growth
promoting
bacteria
(PGPB)
strains
have
been
identified
reported
provide
number
benefits
plants,
including
enhanced
nutrient
uptake,
growth,
development
as
well
increased
resistance
biotic
abiotic
stress.
However
only
small
them,
are
sold
today,
mostly
formulations’
inability
support
bacterial
survival
both
during
after
application
agroecosystems.
PGPB
present
these
difficult
constraints
can
be
employed
cell-free
supernatants
(CFSs),
which
broth
cultures
undergone
various
mechanical
physical
procedures
eliminate
cells.
available
literature
suggests
CFS
may
reliable
source
secondary
metabolites
agriculture.
This
review
therefore
discusses
cell
free
supernatant
microorganisms
used
crop
offered
pertinent
information
about
upcoming
studies
on
CFSs
bio
stimulant
biocontrol
agents
significance,
sources,
applications,
mechanisms
action
applications—both
fertilizer
agent
were
studied.
BMC Plant Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: May 5, 2025
Abstract
Background
Oat
(
Avena
sativa
L.)
represents
one
of
the
important
cereal
crops
grown
in
different
areas
around
world
due
to
its
use
human
nutrition,
food
industry,
biomaterials,
and
pharmaceutical
industries.
Fusarium
seedling
blight
disease
(FSBD)
most
dangerous
diseases
affecting
oat
cultivation.
Endophytic
fungi
proved
be
useful
plant
management.
Therefore,
present
study
investigated
impact
applied
endophytic
Trichoderma
harzianum
AUMC
14897
culture
filtrate
(CF)
on
severity,
performance,
defense
systems,
antioxidant
activity,
stress-related
genes
expression
plants
infected
with
oxysporum
.
Results
The
dual
assay
results
revealed
that
T.
is
antagonistic
against
F.
could
inhibit
growth
by
86.6%
seven
days
post
inoculation.
Scanning
electron
microscope
showed
antagonism
mechanisms
include
space
competition,
mycoparasitism.
GC–MS
analysis
demonstrated
presence
several
volatile
organic
compounds
CF
each
component
might
contribute
biological
activity.
In
a
greenhouse
experiment,
spraying
irrigation
less
severe
symptoms
slower
development
compared
untreated
plants.
Moreover,
treatment
significantly
enhanced
levels
total
reducing
power,
phenolics,
flavonoids,
chlorophyll,
carotenoids,
enzymes,
-infected
Conclusions
Our
has
an
effective
role
controlling
FSBD
as
novel
biocontrol
agent.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
76(1), P. 87 - 103
Published: Oct. 25, 2023
Early
blight
disease
of
tomato
is
a
devastating
causing
severe
yield
losses.
The
chemical
control
this
has
become
challenge
due
to
emerging
fungicide
resistance
in
Alternaria
solani.
present
study
investigates
the
biocontrol
potential
Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens
IKMM
strain
and
zinc
nanoparticles
(Zn-NPs)
against
A.
vitro
results
demonstrated
that
B.
displayed
strong
mycelial
growth
inhibition
(88.76%)
solani
followed
by
control.
Various
concentrations
(0.1
ppm,
1
ppm
10
50
100
ppm)
Zn-NPs
conventional
mancozeb
showed
considerable
reduction
(82.98
76.55%
respectively)
at
higher
concentration
(100
with
EC50
(4.56;
R2
0.945)
for
(8.8937;
0.966351).
In
greenhouse
experiments,
plants
treated
strain,
lower
severity
(13.33%,
16.35%
25.58%
infected
(69.24%)
ultimately
increased
biomass
accumulation.
flavonoid
contents
leaves
were
after
72
h
as
compared
whereas,
48
inoculation,
total
phenol
recorded.
antioxidants
enzymes
viz.,
peroxidase
(PO),
phenlylalanine
ammonialyase
(PAL)
polyphenol
oxidase
(PPO)
significant
increase
inoculation
induced
accumulation
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
down-regulated
defense
related
genes
(PO,
PPO
PAL)
activating
mechanism
inoculation.
Under
field
experiment,
caused
both
seasons
under
natural
infection
conditions.
fruit
was
relatively
than
plants.
herein
presented
indicate
indigenous
along
could
be
considered
putative
approach
combat
challenging
pathogen
will
assist
develop
biofungicides
Future
research
should
focused
on
use
combination
batter
management
strategies
sustainable
agricultural
production
system.
Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 511 - 511
Published: March 22, 2024
Industrial
hemp
(Cannabis
sativa
L.)
is
receiving
increasing
attention
for
its
multiple
end-uses;
therefore,
an
improvement
in
production
needed
to
meet
the
increased
demand.
In
present
study,
effect
of
seed
inoculation
with
two
Trichoderma
afroharzianum
strains,
T-AA
and
T-22,
on
plant
growth
root
morphology
plants
at
sixth-leaf
(S6)
tenth-leaf
(S10)
stages
was
assessed
consecutive
years
(2020
2021).
addition,
ability
strains
enhance
accumulation
phenolic
compounds
leaves
also
evaluated.
The
results
obtained
revealed
T-22
improve
both
2020
2021,
although
different
impact,
probably
ascribable
weather
conditions
years.
2020,
positive
effects
were
detected
S10
stage
significant
increases
shoot
length
(38%
17%,
respectively)
dried
biomass
(35%
30%,
compared
untreated
plants.
total
surface
area
number
tips,
forks,
crossings
significantly
(24–36%)
this
stage.
(40%
observed
S6
stage,
whereas
(55%
47%,
(121%
40%,
respectively).
Significant
volume,
as
well
(50–63%
105–187%,
Interestingly,
stages,
induced
leaf
antioxidant
activity,
which
greater
T-22-
T-AA-treated
(18–102%
13–34%,
are
discussed
light
potential
practical
applications
a
biostimulant
under
favorable
unfavorable
environmental
conditions,
promising
tools
leaves’
economic
value
source
health-promoting
compounds.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
Background
Seaweeds
contain
a
widespread
range
of
fatty
acids
(FA),
and
several
them
have
potential
bioactivity.
FAs
are
dynamic
members
all
biota,
as
well
being
acknowledged
for
their
critical
function
in
initiating
phytohormone
interactions
acting
important
participants
many
defense
signalling
pathways
the
plant
system.
The
current
study
looks
at
defense-eliciting
potentials
from
green
seaweed
Chaetomorpha
antennina
(Bory)
Kützing
impact
on
polyphagous
insect
pest
Spodoptera
litura
(Fab).
Results
was
detected
with
19
acids,
larger
proportion
hexa
octadecanoic
linoleic
acids.
algal
acid
compounds
(CFA)
were
successful
eliciting
salicylic
phenolic
biosynthesis
along
enzymes
peroxidase
(PO)
polyphenol
oxidase
(PPO).
CFA
enhanced
synthesis
enzymes,
PO
PPO
phenols,
post
infestation
S.
(>
50%)
compared
to
control
plants
exposed
pest.
also
effective
causing
direct
mortalities
(96–98%)
larvae
(II-V
instars).
elicited
tomato
displayed
physiological
incursions
that
extended
larval-pupal
duration
26–28
days,
preventing
both
morphogenetic
transitions
affecting
morphology,
lead
emergence
adults
malformed
wings,
legs.
As
consequence,
fecundity
reduced
by
60%
reproductive
performances
second-generation
adults.
consumption
rate
(RCR)
decreased
84%,
depicting
feeding
deterrence.
These
observed
>
50%
reduction
levels
phosphatase
enzyme
secretion,
bringing
down
larval
growth
0.58
0.34
mg/day.
Histological
analysis
midgut
cell
disruption.
Conclusion
Hence,
finally
confirms
elicitor
C.
,
inducing
natural
systemic
defenses.
This
investigation
unlocks
novel
forecasts
besides
delivering
an
unconventional
method
crop
protection
moderate
or
interchange
solicitation
chemical
pesticides.
Graphical
Horticulturae,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(10), P. 1076 - 1076
Published: Oct. 8, 2024
Blue
mold
disease,
caused
by
Penicillium
italicum
(P.
italicum),
presents
a
significant
challenge
to
orange
fruits
(Citrus
sinensis
L.)
and
other
citrus
crops
globally.
Biological
control,
particularly
Trichoderma
species,
offers
promising
alternative
synthetic
fungicides.
Therefore,
this
study
aimed
isolate,
identify,
evaluate
the
antagonistic
activities
of
two
isolates
against
P.
italicum.
These
were
molecularly
identified
assigned
accession
numbers
PP002254
PP002272,
respectively.
Both
demonstrated
antifungal
activity
in
dual
culture
assays.
Moreover,
filtrates
(CFs)
longibrachiatum
harzianum
PP002272
suppressed
mycelial
growth
77.22%
71.66%,
Additionally,
CFs
reduced
severity
blue
on
26.85%
53.81%,
compared
100%
control
group.
Scanning
electron
microscopy
revealed
that
treated
hyphae
shrunken
disfigured.
Enzyme
(catalase,
peroxidase,
polyphenol
oxidase,
phenylalanine
ammonia-lyase)
oranges
increased,
along
with
total
soluble
phenolics
flavonoids.
Conversely,
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
levels
decreased
fruits.
findings
suggest
T.
could
be
effective
biocontrol
agents
for
managing
postharvest
diseases.
Microbiology Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 1425 - 1440
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Fungal
diseases
are
a
major
threat
to
the
horticultural
industry
and
cause
substantial
postharvest
losses.
While
secondary
metabolites
from
Trichoderma
sp.
have
been
explored
for
their
antifungal
properties,
limited
information
exists
on
phenolic
compounds
produced
by
less
studied
species
like
longibrachiatum.
In
this
study,
were
extracted
liquid
culture
of
T.
longibrachiatum
using
various
solvents
methods
(conventional
ultrasonic-assisted).
Phenolic
quantified
spectrophotometry
identified
high-performance
chromatography
with
diode
array
detection
(HPLC-DAD).
The
activity
against
Alternaria
alternata
Fusarium
oxysporum
was
determined
mycelial
growth
inhibition
assays,
maximum
rate
(µmax)
Gompertz
equation,
spore
germination
tests.
Although
no
significant
differences
(p
≥
0.05)
found
between
extraction
methods,
type
solvent
significantly
influenced
content
≤
0.05).
Extraction
70%
ethanol
showed
highest
flavonoids.
More
than
eight
detected.
Further,
is
first
report
phenolics
ferulic,
chlorogenic
p-coumaric
acids
identification
in
longibrachiatum,
along
flavonoids
such
as
epicatechin
quercetin,
among
others.
ethanolic
extracts
notably
inhibited
A.
F.
oxysporum,
reducing
1.5
1.4
mm/h,
respectively.
Furthermore,
ferulic
both
pathogens,
minimum
inhibitory
concentration
(MIC)
mg/mL
fungicidal
(MFC)
2
mg/mL.
These
findings
demonstrate
potential
its
viable
alternatives
biological
control
horticulture
disease
management.
All Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Nov. 12, 2024
Blast
and
sheath
blight
diseases,
caused
by
Pyricularia
oryzae
Rhizoctonia
solani,
respectively,
are
major
threats
to
rice
production
worldwide.
Efforts
should
be
made
limit
the
spread
of
these
phytopathogens,
preferably
through
sustainable
methods.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
antagonistic
potential
local
isolate
Trichoderma
yunnanense
TM10
against
pathogenic
fungi
P.
R.
solani.
The
results
demonstrated
that
T.
inhibited
growth
solani
mechanisms
such
as
competition,
mycoparasitism,
antibiosis.
Dual
culture,
filtrate
double
plate
assays
showed
could
inhibit
both
Slide
culture
scanning
electron
microscope
(SEM)
tests
confirmed
exhibited
mycoparasitic
activity,
including
attachment,
coiling,
penetration,
lysis,
destruction
pathogen
hyphae.
Additionally,
was
capable
producing
cell
wall-degrading
enzymes
(CWDEs)
chitinase
cellulase,
well
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
hydrogen
cyanide
(HCN).
multifaceted
abilities
for
limiting
underscore
its
an
effective
biocontrol
agent
enhancing
productivity
sustainability
in
cultivation.
