Membrane/electrolyte interplay on ammonia motion inside a flow-cell for electrochemical nitrogen and nitrate reduction

Electrochimica Acta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 493, P. 144415 - 144415

Published: May 8, 2024

Electrochemical ammonia production from molecular nitrogen and nitrate reduction reactions at ambient conditions has gained a lot of attention in recent years, making this topic more appealing. The race towards good quick results terms Faradaic efficiency productivity is not always focused on the possible source contamination. In particular, Nafion membrane most commonly used field as cell separator, discarding known disadvantages coming ammonium ions absorption release. wettable microporous Celgard been proposed substitute for membranes, despite separation mechanism, case, only dimension-driven, so it does assure retention. This paper reveals that mechanism release by 117 strongly related to cations present electrolyte lesser extent its pH value. On other hand, show any relevant absorption. Moreover, different trend motion catholyte anolyte solution inside flow-cell reactor shows none membranes able avoid crossover there correlation between applied potential trend. tests confirm how can have big impact final result production, especially when dealing with low quantities, leading mistakes real quantity reaction.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis-Based Phytocannabinoids: Overview, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Application, Production, and Affecting Environmental Factors

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 11258 - 11258

Published: Oct. 19, 2024

This review provides an overview of cannabis-based phytocannabinoids, focusing on their mechanisms action, therapeutic applications, and production processes, along with the environmental factors that affect quality efficacy. Phytocannabinoids such as THC (∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD (cannabidiol), CBG (cannabigerol), CBN (cannabinol), CBC (cannabichromene) exhibit significant potential in treating various physical mental health conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, skin disorders, anxiety. The cultivation cannabis plays a crucial role determining cannabinoid profiles, indoor offering more control consistency than outdoor methods. Environmental light, water, temperature, humidity, nutrient management, CO2, drying method used are key to optimizing content inflorescences. outlines need for broader data transfer between industry technological production, especially terms what concentration ratios effective treatment. Such would provide cultivators information parameters should be manipulated obtain required final product.

Language: Английский

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Hemp (Cannabis salvia L.) Cultivation: Chemical Fertilizers or Organic Technologies, a Comprehensive Review

Nitrogen, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 624 - 654

Published: July 18, 2024

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), renowned for its applications in environmental, industrial, and medicinal fields, is critically evaluated this comprehensive review focusing on the impacts of chemical organic fertilizers cultivation. As hemp re-emerges as a crop economic significance, choice between fertilization methods plays crucial role determining not only yield but also quality sustainability production. This article examines botanical characteristics hemp, optimal growth conditions, essential biochemical processes A detailed comparative analysis provided, revealing that fertilizers, while increasing by up to 20% compared options, may compromise concentration key phytochemicals such cannabidiol approximately 10%, highlighting trade-off product quality. The presents quantitative assessments nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) from both fertilizer types, noting K significantly influences synthesis terpenes cannabinoids, making it most impactful element context aromatic varieties. Optimal rates timing application these nutrients are discussed, with focus maximizing efficiency during flowering stage, where nutrient uptake directly correlates cannabinoid Furthermore, challenges associated U.S. industrial market addressed, reducing production costs improving processing infrastructure sustaining industry growth, especially given slow expansion fiber markets due bottlenecks. concludes offer immediate agronomic benefits, transitioning towards practices long-term environmental viability. future industry, promising, will depend heavily advancements genetic engineering, management strategies, regulatory frameworks better support sustainable cultivation practices. nuanced approach vital navigate complex trade-offs productivity, health, viability global market.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling Nitrogen Fertilizer in Medicinal Plant Cultivation

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1647 - 1647

Published: July 27, 2024

Nitrogen fertilizer is the most frequently used in cultivation of medicinal plants, and has a significant contribution to their yields quality. Yet, there biased excessive N application crops. This study aims quantitatively analyze recommended concentrations for diverse species disentangle intricate relationships between soil fertility, rate (NAR), quality/yield We first characterized 179 7 classes phytometabolites therein, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, alkaloids, etc., reported during past three decades from phylogenetic spatial perspectives. The NAR, crops were then subjected statistical analyses. pharmaco-phylogenetic geographic distributions NAR suggest that impact ecological/environmental factors on demand plants was much greater than genetic endowments. found different distinct demand, which related fertility levels production areas. by China, 215.6 ± 18.6 kg/ha, higher other countries (152.2 20.3 kg/ha; p = 0.023). Moderate generally increases yield phytometabolite content crops, but opposite effect. It necessary plan concentration formula fertilization case-by-case basis with reference empirical research. Our results provide baseline information references rational precision agriculture

Language: Английский

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Elevated root-zone P and nutrient concentration do not increase yield or cannabinoids in medical cannabis

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Elevating nutrient input is thought to increase yield and cannabinoid concentration of medical cannabis, but increased legalization has heightened awareness the environmental impact overfertilization. Elevated levels phosphorus (P) are particular concern. Here we report effects increasing P above adequate for other crops (15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 mg per L) interactive elevated with solution (electrical conductivity; 2 4 mS cm). We used closed-system hydroponics continuously quantify rootzone concentrations. The in leaf tissue doubled flower 70% when from 15 L there was no difference quality among treatments. Doubling cm accumulation did not significantly quality. Reducing refill reduced at harvest 300 less than 0.1 L. Despite low steady-state treatment, treatments, regardless elements. high concentrations necrosis visual These data indicate cannabis tolerates concentrations, neither excessive nor fertilization improves

Language: Английский

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Optimal nitrogen rates and clonal effects on cannabinoid yields of medicinal cannabis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 10, 2025

Nitrogen (N) nutrition and germplasm of clones can influence biomass cannabinoid concentration in medicinal cannabis. However, there are discrepancies on the optimal nitrogen application rate at flowering stage to achieve maximum yield if, or how, this interacts with from different seed lines same genotype. This research examined relationship between N rate, cannabinoids a CBD-type cannabis cultivar propagated five (hereafter referred as clones). Clonal rooted cuttings were mother plants germinated seeds 'Tas1'. Five levels (30, 90, 160, 240 400 mg/L N) imposed start inflorescence period continued until harvest eight weeks later. Some pollen contamination occurred during trial so that was assessed for each plant included statistical analysis. Weight total biomass, leaves (from upper lower canopy positions), N%, concentrations measured after harvest. Results indicated increasing supply generated clear upward trend peaked 160 which it did not significantly change, while leaf steadily increased N. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD) decreased similar, but non-significant, inflorescences. The CBD THC ratio Clone source strongly correlated concentration, leaf, across all treatments. Clones 13 27 developed greater relative 18 26 irrespective treatment. Pollen induced development comprised up 5% dry weight affect whole-plant accumulation (N%), concentration. These findings provide valuable insights improving widely cultivated species.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Impact of Outdoor Cannabis Production

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 690 - 699

Published: June 11, 2024

Environmental impacts of cannabis production are increasing concern because it is a newly legal and growing industry. Although handful studies have quantified the indoor production, very little known about impact outdoor agriculture. Outdoor typically uses direct energy but can require significant fertilizer other inputs due to dissipative losses via runoff mineralization. Conversely, high in nitrogen be counterproductive, as produces flowers with decreased cannabinoid content. This study has two aims: (1) To identify reduced-fertilizer regimes that provide optimal flower yields reduced (2) quantify how this shifts greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion (fossil metal), terrestrial acidification, eutrophication potential production. Primary data from response trial incorporated into life-cycle assessment model. Results show agriculture 50 times less carbon-emitting than Dissemination knowledge utmost importance for producers, consumers, government officials nations either legalized or will legalize

Language: Английский

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Same, Yet Different: Towards Understanding Nutrient Use In Hemp- And Drug-Type Cannabis

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 94 - 108

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Abstract Cannabis sativa L., one of the oldest cultivated crops, has a complex domestication history due to its diverse uses for fibre, seed, oil, and drugs, wide geographic distribution. This review explores how human selection shaped biology hemp drug-type Cannabis, focusing on acquisition utilization nitrogen phosphorus, resulting changes in source–sink relations shape their contrasting phenology. Hemp been optimized rapid, slender growth nutrient efficiency, whereas cultivars have selected compact with large phytocannabinoid-producing female inflorescences. Understanding these use ontogenetic differences will enhance our general understanding resource allocation plants. Knowledge gained comparison other model species, such as tomato, rice, or Arabidopsis can help inform crop improvement sustainability cannabis industry.

Language: Английский

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Precision nitrogen management for optimal yield and cannabinoid profile in CBD hemp agronomy

Agrosystems Geosciences & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Abstract Industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.), displaying more than 25,000 products, has been grown in North America since the 16 th century. However, knowledge gaps persist optimizing agronomic practices, including precision nitrogen (N) management, which is crucial for yield and phytochemical quality, example, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD). Addressing these gaps, a 2‐year field trial (2022 2023) was conducted at Rodale Institute‐Pocono Organic Center Blakeslee, PA, aiming to optimize CBD production through N management. Forty experimental plots were established, with each assessing two main factors: (i) rate: 0, 56, 112, 168, 224 kg ha −1 using an OMRI‐listed fertilizer, blood meal (12% N) (ii) application method: banding broadcasting. The 3‐week‐old seedlings transplanted into plots, followed by fertilizer drip irrigation. Parameters plant height, bud weight, biomass, assessed, alongside THC concentrations floral components concentration leaves flowers. There significant interaction of rate method, impacting biomass yield, while also influenced concentration. Blood supplied yielded highest elevated concentrations; however, this did not differ significantly from 168 application. Therefore, recommended optimal Northeastern , upper limit . Furthermore, method effective

Language: Английский

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Effect of Light Intensity and Two Different Nutrient Solutions on the Yield of Flowers and Cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. Grown in Controlled Environment

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2960 - 2960

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Due to the typical production of Cannabis sativa L. for medical use in an artificial environment, it is crucial optimize environmental and nutritional factors enhance cannabinoid yield quality. While effects light intensity nutrient composition on plant growth are well-documented various crops, there a relative lack research specific L., especially controlled indoor environments where both inputs can be precisely manipulated. This analyzes effect different intensities solutions growth, flower yield, concentrations seeded chemotype III cannabis (high CBD, low THC) environment. The experiment was performed licensed facility Czech Republic. plants were exposed regimes during vegetative phase flowering (light 1 (S1), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) 300 µmol/m2/s phase, 900 2 (S2) PPFD 500 1300 phase) nutrition R1 (fertilizer 1) R2 2). Solution (N-NO3− 131.25 mg/L; N-NH4+ 6.23 P2O5 30.87 K2O 4112.04 CaO 147.99 MgO 45.68 SO42− 45.08 mg/L) used whole cultivation cycle (vegetation flowering). divided vegetation 171.26 5.26 65.91 222.79 125.70 78.88 mf/L; 66.94 97.96 5.82 262.66 244.07 138.26 85.21 281.54 mg/L). aim this study prove hypothesis that will have significant impact flowers cannabinoids, whereas fertilizers would no effect. involved four-week followed by eight-week phase. During phases, deficiencies observed treated with either solution or ANOVA analysis showed had nor cannabinoids. Also, differences between groups S1 S2 2) did not result visible stage. However, fifth week under higher (S2—PPFD µmol/m2/s) developed noticeably larger denser than lower group (S1). also confirmed positively influenced cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC) when increase concentration individual cannabinoids harvested product 17–43%. Nonetheless, find stage, highlighting phase-specific. These results limited conditions, further needed explore their applicability other genotypes.

Language: Английский

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