Adaptation and Acclimation of Gametophytic Traits to Heat Stress in a Widely Distributed Wild Plant Along a Steep Climatic Gradient

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: March 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change‐induced heat waves often reduce seed yields and quality via high‐temperature effects in the gametophytic phase. Yet, contrast to model crop species, ability of pollen ovules adapt or acclimate stress wild plants remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we examined adaptation acclimation potential six traits 11 Silene vulgaris populations across a temperature gradient Europe. First, cultivated common garden reveal differences indicative adaptation. Next, assessed their by subjecting flowering two chronic (CHS) treatments: moderate (35°C/30°C) severe (40°C/35°C) for 18 days. Also, estimated CHS on quantity quality. The experiment showed no intraspecific variation gradient, suggesting these may not influence reproductive local habitats. During CHS, female gametophyte was less temperature‐sensitive than male. Moderate led larger ovaries with more large‐sized ovules, while reduced ovule numbers but increased size. Both treatments decreased grain numbers, size, anther length, causing greater reductions. These reductions lower yield Under both treatments, did vary along except size under which warmer climates. Our findings revealed lack mechanisms (except size) gradient. suggest that rely alternative strategies, such as shifts physiology biochemistry phenology, respond thermal associated waves.

Language: Английский

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Investigating Frost Response, Rootstock-Dependent Cold Tolerance, and Floral Bud Mortality in Apple Cultivars through Transcriptomic Insights

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100829 - 100829

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Hydraulic and Photosynthetic Performance of Antarctic Plants Under Successive Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change projections predict warming and increased weather variability, mainly in polar regions, altering freeze–thaw patterns. However, the effects of rising temperatures more frequent events on water CO 2 management Antarctic plants remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate how growth temperature (5°C 15°C) successive cycles influence hydraulic photosynthetic performance Deschampsia antarctica ( D. ) Colobanthus quitensis C. ). Our results showed that warmer conditions improved both species, driven by anatomical adjustments leaf xylem vessels. Additionally, exposed exhibited coordinated decline whole‐plant conductivity gas exchange, regardless temperature. The magnitude changes (%) traits after varied between with showing similar responses at temperatures, while experienced pronounced lower Overall, these findings suggest benefit from repeated could disrupt their balance limit photosynthesis, particularly under natural environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Nitric Oxide in Plant Cold Stress: Functions, Mechanisms and Challenges

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1072 - 1072

Published: April 28, 2025

Cold stress, as an environmental factor that seriously restricts the growth, production and survival of plants, has received extensive attention in recent years. Nitric oxide (NO), important bioactive molecule, emerged a research focus domain alleviating plant cold damage. In this review, role NO enhancing tolerance its underlying mechanisms, including interactions with signaling molecules, are discussed more extensively, novel directions prospects proposed according to existing gaps. Interestingly, exogenous mitigates stress by strengthening antioxidant defense raising proline levels, photosynthetic capacity, regulating glucose metabolism. More importantly, also interacts cytoplasmic calcium ions (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), melatonin (MT), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH) hydrogen sulfide (H2S). At same time, process it regulates expression synthesis genes, response genes related thereby improving which may involve epigenetic reprogramming. This paper points out problems current potential agricultural practice, provides relevant theoretical references for future field.

Language: Английский

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Breeding for cold tolerance in common annual legume cover crops

Crop Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 65(3)

Published: April 29, 2025

Abstract There has been a significant increase in cover crop adoption, with land use nearly doubling over the last decade. Winter legume crops provide several ecosystem services, such as weed suppression and reducing soil erosion, while serving an excellent nitrogen source for subsequent cash crops. Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa R.), crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum ), winter pea Pisum sativum L.) are three major annual United States. However, varying survival rates have reduced their reliability compared hardy grasses like cereal rye Secale cereale ). cultivars selected bred pea, which also used food forage crops, but fewer breeding efforts toward cold tolerance made hairy or clover. Despite current efforts, all species can suffer from damage hardiness zone 6 below. Developing requires multifaceted approach, including cultivar selection hybridization, quantitative trait locus isolation, management practice improvement, identification of new sources hardiness. Cold acclimation, deacclimation resistance, reacclimation potential possible mechanisms to explore these be evaluated field controlled environments using visual scoring, chlorophyll fluorescence, ion leakage assays.

Language: Английский

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