The Geographic Distribution and Natural Variation of the Rice Blast Fungus Avirulence Gene AVR-Pita1 in Southern China DOI Creative Commons
Xinwei Chen,

Xin Liu,

Xiaochun Hu

et al.

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1210 - 1210

Published: April 15, 2025

The avirulence (AVR) genes of the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) are known to mutate rapidly under a higher selection pressure, allowing pathogen evade recognition by rice resistance (R) genes. Understanding geographic distribution and natural variation AVR is critical for rational utilization prolonging effectiveness R In this study, total 1060 M. strains collected from 19 blast nurseries in 13 provinces across southern China were subjected presence/absence (PAV), genetic variation, virulence analyses AVR-Pita1 gene. PCR amplification results indicated that was present only 57.45% strains, with significant frequency. Specifically, highest frequency (100%) observed Chengmai, Hainan, while lowest (1.79%) Baoshan, Yunnan. A sequencing analysis identified 29 haplotypes AVR-Pita1, characterized insertions, deletions, base substitutions. phylogenetic study clustered into one clade. further amino acid sequence these led identification 25 protein variants. Notably, four exhibited pathogenicity toward its corresponding gene, PtrA. Additionally, we performed allele profiling Ptr collection elite parental lines widely used breeding found functional alleles (PtrA, PtrB, PtrC) accounted over 70%.

Language: Английский

Dynamic Gene-for-Gene Interactions Undermine Durable Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Barbara Valent

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Harold Flor's gene-for-gene model explained boom–bust cycles in which resistance ( R) genes are deployed farmers’ fields, only to have pathogens overcome by modifying or losing corresponding active avirulence AVR) genes. Flor understood that host R with low rates of virulence mutation the pathogen should maintain for longer periods time. This review focuses on AVR gene dynamics haploid Ascomycete fungus Pyricularia oryzae, causes rice blast disease, a system complex race structure and very rapid cycle due high mutation. Highly mutable often characterized deletion movement new chromosomal locations, implying loss/regain mechanism response deployment. Beyond blast, recent emergence two serious diseases wheat Lolium ryegrasses highlighted role act at genus level serve as infection barriers separate genus-specialized P. oryzae subpopulations. Wheat ryegrass apparently evolved through sexual crosses involving fungal individuals from five host-adapted subpopulations, jump enabled introduction alleles key host-specificity Despite identification AVR/ interactions operating specificity level, paucity effective identified thus far limits control disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). is an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Integrated Approaches for Enhancing Magnaporthe oryzae Resistance: Mechanisms and Breeding Strategies DOI
Muhammad Usama Younas, Muhammad Qasim, Irshad Ahmad

et al.

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Geographic Distribution and Natural Variation of the Rice Blast Fungus Avirulence Gene AVR-Pita1 in Southern China DOI Creative Commons
Xinwei Chen,

Xin Liu,

Xiaochun Hu

et al.

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1210 - 1210

Published: April 15, 2025

The avirulence (AVR) genes of the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) are known to mutate rapidly under a higher selection pressure, allowing pathogen evade recognition by rice resistance (R) genes. Understanding geographic distribution and natural variation AVR is critical for rational utilization prolonging effectiveness R In this study, total 1060 M. strains collected from 19 blast nurseries in 13 provinces across southern China were subjected presence/absence (PAV), genetic variation, virulence analyses AVR-Pita1 gene. PCR amplification results indicated that was present only 57.45% strains, with significant frequency. Specifically, highest frequency (100%) observed Chengmai, Hainan, while lowest (1.79%) Baoshan, Yunnan. A sequencing analysis identified 29 haplotypes AVR-Pita1, characterized insertions, deletions, base substitutions. phylogenetic study clustered into one clade. further amino acid sequence these led identification 25 protein variants. Notably, four exhibited pathogenicity toward its corresponding gene, PtrA. Additionally, we performed allele profiling Ptr collection elite parental lines widely used breeding found functional alleles (PtrA, PtrB, PtrC) accounted over 70%.

Language: Английский

Citations

0