Pre- and Post-Pandemic (COVID-19) Mental Health of International Students: Data from a Longitudinal Study

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 431 - 446

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Purpose: International students are highly vulnerable to the risk of mental health worsening before and during pandemic (COVID-19). This study investigated international students' pre- post-pandemic Methods: It is a longitudinal study, data were collected online, pre-pandemic (N = 470) 420). Using random sampling technique, self-administered questionnaire was used measure health, including depression anxiety. Results: Findings show that good in pre-pandemic. Meanwhile, found be more depressed anxious pandemic. also phase, young mainly females' worsened. Conclusion: concluded problems alarming, so university should provide psychological services for student's health. Post-pandemic leaving long-lasting effects will require further investigation. Keywords: Covid-19, anxiety, depression, students,

Language: Английский

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Reliability and validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 scale and its subscales of depression and anxiety among US adults based on nativity

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract Background The burdens of anxiety and depression symptoms have significantly increased in the general US population, especially during this COVID-19 epidemiological crisis. first step an effective treatment for disorders is screening. Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4, a 4-item measure anxiety/depression) its subscales (PHQ-2 [a 2-item depression] Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-2, anxiety]) are brief but mass screening instruments populations. However, little to no study examined psychometric properties (i.e., reliability validity) PHQ-4 GAD-2) adult population or based on nativity foreign-born vs. US-born). We evaluated adults, as well equivalence scale nativity. Methods conducted cross-sectional survey 5,140 adults aged ≥ 18 years. factorial validity dimensionality with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A multiple-group (MCFA) was used evaluate comparability across groups. Reliability indices were assessed. Also, scales’ construct validities assessed by examining associations both subscales’ scores sociodemographic characteristics 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. Results internal consistencies high (α = 0.92) PHQ-2 0.86) GAD-2 0.90). CFA fit showed evidence two-factor structure PHQ-4. two factors depression) correlated ( r 0.92). MCFA demonstrated measurement invariance groups, model fits data better group. There significant (all p < 0.001). Conclusions reliable valid measures screen individuals pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults

Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 53 - 60

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

Abstract Background There is some evidence that loneliness may be linked to poorer health behaviours. Despite this, there has been little research date on the relationship between and COVID-19 preventive We studied these associations in a sample of Japanese population. Methods Data were analysed from an online survey 2000 adults undertaken April May 2020. Loneliness was assessed with Three-Item Scale. Information also collected 13 Regression analyses used examine associations. Results In linear regression models adjusted for demographic mental variables, both dichotomous continuous measures negatively associated engaging Logistic further showed reduced odds variety individual behaviours including wearing mask (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.95), disinfecting hands (OR: 0.80, CI: 0.67–0.94) social distancing when outdoors 0.75, 0.61–0.92). Conclusions lower engagement Interventions prevent or ameliorate during ongoing pandemic important combating spread coronavirus.

Language: Английский

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The unbearable loneliness of COVID-19: COVID-19-related correlates of loneliness in South Africa in young adults

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 296, P. 113658 - 113658

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

This is the first study to examine association between COVID-19 related variables and loneliness among young adults in South Africa during COVID-19. Participants (N=337) were university students who completed UCLA Loneliness Scale five selected subscales of WHO Behavioural Insights Tool. The mean scores significantly higher than previous studies other contexts as well conducted time Correlational analysis found that greater perceived risk infection, limited knowledge lower appraisals resilience associated with increased loneliness. In a regression analysis, when all considered simultaneously, only resilience, self-rated knowledge, perception emerged significant correlates These findings suggest public health concern It also suggests self-efficacy can potentially be reinforced by campaigns focus on enhancing COVID-19-related preparedness.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling pathways of elevated ozone induced by the 2020 lockdown in Europe by an observationally constrained regional model using TROPOMI

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(24), P. 18227 - 18245

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Questions about how emissions are changing during the COVID-19 lockdown periods cannot be answered by observations of atmospheric trace gas concentrations alone, in part due to simultaneous changes transport, emissions, dynamics, photochemistry, and chemical feedback. A transport model simulation benefiting from a multi-species inversion framework using well-characterized should differentiate those influences enabling closely examine emissions. Accordingly, we jointly constrain NO x VOC TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) HCHO NO2 columns months March, April, May 2020 (lockdown) 2019 (baseline). We observe noticeable decline magnitude March (14 %-31 %) several major cities including Paris, London, Madrid, Milan, expanding further Rome, Brussels, Frankfurt, Warsaw, Belgrade, Kyiv, Moscow (34 %-51 April. However, remain at somewhat similar values or even higher some portions UK, Poland, compared baseline, possibly timeline restrictions. Comparisons against surface monitoring stations indicate that constrained underrepresents reduction NO2. This underrepresentation correlates with TROPOMI frequency impacted cloudiness. During month when ample samples present, reductions occurring polluted areas described fairly well (model: -21 ± 17 %, observation: -29 21 %). The observational constraint on is found generally weak except for lower latitudes. Results support an increase ozone lockdown. In features reasonable agreement maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) observed (r = 0.43), specifically over central Europe where enhancements prevail +3.73 3.94 + 1.79 ppbv, +7.35 11.27 +3.76 ppbv). suggests physical processes (dry deposition, advection, diffusion) decrease MDA8 same -4.83 while production rates dampened largely negative JNO2[NO2]-kNO+O3[NO][O3] become less negative, leading +5.89 ppbv. Experiments involving fixed anthropogenic suggest meteorology contributes 42 % enhancement region remaining (58 coming illustrate capability satellite data precursors help models capture induced abrupt emission anomalies.

Language: Английский

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