Identification of Cannabis Product Characteristics and Pricing on Dark Web Markets

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Growing cannabis use has made it the most widely cultivated and trafficked illicit drug globally according to World Health Organization, with 147 million people consuming cannabis-derived products (CDPs) in various product forms constituency. Despite restrictions certain countries, unregulated access can still be found on dark web which specializes trafficking of goods. The objective was systematically collect data from multiple marketplaces identify types offered for sale. study conducted three phases: (1) mining transactions markets using tobacco keywords; (2) inductive coding selling-related characteristics; (3) pricing analysis one marketplace based type, shipping, policy status. Four (Archetyp, Incognito, Royal, Wethenorth) yielded 2,954 selling posts. top 3 keyword searches included CDPs (n = 2629, 89%), prescription drugs 223, 7.55%), psychedelics 102, 3.45%). For Archetyp listings, concentrates had a statistically significant difference average price p/mg when shipped country complete prohibition. represents an digital space where numerous are sold countries at different prices.

Language: Английский

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Sleep, psychological symptoms, and cannabis use before, during, and after COVID-19 “stay-at-home” orders: a structural equation modeling approach

Journal of Cannabis Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 24, 2025

Abstract Background Given the frequent use of cannabis for sleep and mental health symptoms, we aimed to prospectively examine reciprocal relationship between sleep, health, from before, during, 1 year after implementation COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Methods Five hundred thirty-four young adults (21–34 years old) Oregon Washington States who previously completed a survey on their prior orders (T0), were followed up initial in place approximately two months (T1), one later (T2), reassess use. Sleep measures included presence trouble [yes/no], weekday weekend duration. The Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test Revised (CUDIT-R) was used assess past-six-month follow surveys additionally measured symptoms other behaviors. We applied cross-lagged panel models association at all three time points. Multivariate parallel latent change score associations changes use, behavioral factors T1 T2. Results For models, reporting T0 associated (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) with higher CUDIT-R scores T1, however this did not hold had positive 0.35, two-wave model, indicated that T2 positively depression ( r 0.37, anxiety 0.40, across period. No significant correlation found trouble. Conclusions Our findings suggest an inconsistent bidirectional link Only trouble, predicted measures. These lend support holistic approach designing implementing public during global pandemic.

Language: Английский

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“California on the Vistula River?” Cannabis users’ engagement with licit and illicit cannabis markets in Poland

Drugs Habits and Social Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Purpose Poland, like many other countries, is experiencing a shift in its drug policy as reflected with the decision of government to legalise medical cannabis 2017. This paper aims explore engagement consumers legal and illegal markets for Poland. Design/methodology/approach Data comes from Polish Ministry Health survey 571 users. The questionnaires were posted on Facebook groups consisting users, people interested science/politics associated cannabis. users asked if they currently use market buy cannabis, yes then why. Findings Most respondents report that do not engage Those who described themselves now enjoy better access but even recreational are finding ways system. Some, however, continue due reasons honesty, access, price quality Research limitations/implications Given convenience sample, generalisable conclusions cannot be made impact yet. However, what can concluded increasingly more likely opting out regulated than traditional market. could an increasing willingness practitioners prescribe Originality/value Only handful articles have been written policy. first article show has changed very significantly since early enactment. Very probably contrary wishes policymakers wanted create stricter model one California, example, which named permissive one.

Language: Английский

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Herbal Cannabis and Depression: A Review of Findings Published over the Last Three Years

Published: April 25, 2024

Public perception contrasts scientific findings on the depression-related effects of cannabis. However, earlier studies were performed when cannabis was predominantly illegal, its production mostly uncontrolled, and idea medical incipient only. We hypothesized that recent changes in attitudes legislations may have favorably affected research. In addition, publication bias against also decreased. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review research published over last three years. found 156 relevant studies. most cross-sectional studies, depression higher those who consumed than did not. An increase consumption typically followed by an depression, whereas withdrawal from ameliorated cases. Albeit reduced none these placebo controlled. clinical same period, average effect size larger investigated plausibility antidepressant reviewing molecular pharmacological Taken together, reviewed do not support herbal

Language: Английский

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Herbal Cannabis and Depression: A Review of Findings Published over the Last Three Years

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 689 - 689

Published: May 27, 2024

Public perception contrasts scientific findings on the depression-related effects of cannabis. However, earlier studies were performed when cannabis was predominantly illegal, its production mostly uncontrolled, and idea medical incipient only. We hypothesized that recent changes in attitudes legislations may have favorably affected research. In addition, publication bias against also decreased. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a review research published over last three years. found 156 relevant articles. most cross-sectional studies, depression higher those who consumed than did not. An increase consumption typically followed by an depression, whereas withdrawal from ameliorated cases. Although reduced none these placebo-controlled. clinical same period, placebo and, average effect size larger investigated plausibility antidepressant reviewing molecular pharmacological studies. Taken together, reviewed do not support herbal

Language: Английский

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Sexism and Cannabis-Related Problems Among Women in the U.S.: The Role of Negative Affect and Coping-Motivated Cannabis Use

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: Nov. 3, 2024

Background Although previous studies have highlighted the detrimental impact of sexism on other substance use and use-related outcomes among women, limited empirical attention has tested whether is related to worse cannabis-related outcomes. It may be that women cannabis cope with negative affect experiencing sexism, thus continue despite problems. However, no known this hypothesis.

Language: Английский

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