Psychedelics, Mystical Experience, and Therapeutic Efficacy: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 12, 2022

The mystical experience is a potential psychological mechanism to influence outcome in psychedelic therapy. It includes features such as oceanic boundlessness, ego dissolution, and universal interconnectedness, which have been closely linked both symptom reduction improved quality of life. In this review, 12 studies therapy utilizing psilocybin, ayahuasca, or ketamine were analyzed for association between reduction, areas diverse cancer-related distress, substance use disorder, depressive disorders include treatment-resistant. Ten the twelve established significant correlation, mediation, and/or prediction. A majority are limited, however, by their small sample size lack diversity (gender, ethnic, racial, educational, socioeconomic), common newly re-emerging field. Further, 6 out open-label design therefore susceptible bias. Future nature should consider larger with greater thus representation randomized design. More in-depth exploration into needed, including predictors intensity, order maximize its positive effects on treatment benefits minimize concomitant anxiety. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021261752.

Language: Английский

---

Synaptic plasticity and mental health: methods, challenges and opportunities

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 113 - 120

Published: July 9, 2022

Abstract Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is a ubiquitous property of the nervous system that allows neurons to communicate and change their connections as function past experiences. Through reweighting strengths, can remodel itself, giving rise durable memories create biological basis for mental function. In healthy individuals, undergoes characteristic developmental aging trajectories. Dysfunctional plasticity, in turn, underlies wide spectrum neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, schizophrenia, addiction, posttraumatic stress disorder. From mechanistic standpoint, spans gamut spatial temporal scales, from microseconds lifespan, microns entire system. With numbers strengths synapses changing on such there an important need develop measurement techniques with complimentary sensitivities growing number approaches are now being harnessed this purpose. hemodynamic measures, structural tracer imaging, noninvasive neuromodulation, it possible image functional changes underlie associated behavioral learning. Here we review mechanisms neural historical future trends allow imaging accompany psychiatric disorders, highlighting emerging therapeutics challenges opportunities accompanying burgeoning area study.

Language: Английский

---

Must Psilocybin Always “Assist Psychotherapy”?

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 181(1), P. 20 - 25

Published: July 12, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Psychedelic therapy for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 322, P. 194 - 204

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

---

A non-hallucinogenic LSD analog with therapeutic potential for mood disorders

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 112203 - 112203

Published: March 1, 2023

Hallucinations limit widespread therapeutic use of psychedelics as rapidly acting antidepressants. Here we profiled the non-hallucinogenic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analog 2-bromo-LSD (2-Br-LSD) at more than 33 aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). 2-Br-LSD shows partial agonism several GPCRs, including 5-HT2A, and does not induce head-twitch response (HTR) in mice, supporting its classification a 5-HT2A agonist. Unlike LSD, lacks 5-HT2B agonism, an effect linked to cardiac valvulopathy. Additionally, produces weak β-arrestin recruitment internalization vitro tolerance vivo after repeated administration. induces dendritogenesis spinogenesis cultured rat cortical neurons increases active coping behavior blocked by 5-HT2A-selective antagonist volinanserin (M100907). also reverses behavioral effects chronic stress. Overall, has improved pharmacological profile compared with LSD may have profound value for mood disorders other indications.

Language: Английский

---

Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: A systematic review

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Background Psychedelic-assisted therapy [e.g., with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)] has shown promising results as treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Previous systematic reviews assessing the efficacy of psilocybin in SUDs only included clinical trials conducted last 25 years, but they may have missed that were before 1980s, given much research been done psychedelics mid-20th century. In this review, we specifically assessed patients a SUD or non-substance-related disorder no publication date restrictions our search strategy. Methods A literature was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items Systematic and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines from earliest published manuscript up September 2, 2022, seven electronic databases, including evaluating psilocybin. Results total four studies (six articles, which two articles long-term follow-up same trial) review. Psilocybin-assisted administered n = 151 dose ranging 6 40 mg. Three focused on alcohol disorder, one study tobacco disorder. pilot ( 10), percentage heavy drinking days decreased significantly between baseline weeks 5–12 (mean difference 26.0, 95% CI 8.7–43.2, p 0.008). another single-arm 31), 32% (10/31) became completely abstinent duration years). double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial (RCT, 95), during 32-week double-blind period lower compared placebo 13.9, 3.0–24.7, 0.01). 15), 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 26 80% (12/15), 52 67% (10/15). Conclusion Only RCT three small identified combined some form psychotherapy All indicated beneficial effect psilocybin-assisted symptoms. Larger RCTs need evaluate whether is effective SUD.

Language: Английский

---

Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(11), P. 1659 - 1667

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin are classic serotonergic psychedelics. A valid, direct comparison of the effects these substances is lacking. The main goal present study was to investigate potential pharmacological, physiological phenomenological differences at psychoactive-equivalent doses mescaline, LSD, psilocybin. used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design compare acute subjective effects, autonomic pharmacokinetics typically used, moderate high mescaline (300 500 mg), LSD (100 µg), (20 mg) in 32 healthy participants. dose 300 mg first 16 participants subsequent Acute were comparable across various psychometric scales. Autonomic moderate, with causing higher increase diastolic blood pressure compared showing trend toward an heart rate tolerability comparable, both inducing slightly more subacute adverse (12–24 h) than Clear distinctions seen duration action between three substances. Mescaline had longest effect (mean: 11.1 h), followed by 8.2 4.9 h). Plasma elimination half-lives similar (approximately 3.5 longer due time reach maximal plasma concentrations related peak effects. but not psilocybin, enhanced circulating oxytocin. None altered brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations. In conclusion, found no evidence qualitative states consciousness that induced equally strong results indicate any pharmacological profiles do translate into relevant experience. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04227756.

Language: Английский

---

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy—A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 10, 2022

Modern clinical research on psychedelics is generating interesting outcomes in a wide array of conditions when psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy delivered to appropriately screened participants and controlled settings. Still, number patients relapse or are less responsive such treatments. Individual contextual factors (i.e., set setting) seem play role shaping the psychedelic experience determining outcomes. These findings, coupled with data from literature effectiveness psychotherapy, frame therapeutic context as potential moderator efficacy, highlighting need investigate how functionally employ environmental relational factors. In this review, we performed structured search through two databases PubMed/Medline Scopus) identify records studies which used described associated psychotherapeutic intervention. The aim construct picture what models currently adopted report their Ad-hoc adapted methods were identified. Common principles, points divergence future directions highlighted discussed special attention toward stance, degree directiveness suggestive effects information provided patients.

Language: Английский

---

Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as Greener Substitutes for Conventional Extraction Media: Examples and Techniques

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 9702 - 9728

Published: March 6, 2023

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are multicomponent designer that exist as stable liquids over a wide range of temperatures. Over the last two decades, research has been dedicated to developing noncytotoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible DESs replace commercially available toxic organic solvents. However, most formulated until now hydrophilic disintegrate via dissolution on coming in contact with aqueous phase. To expand repertoire green solvents, hydrophobic (HDESs) were prepared an alternative. The hydrophobicity is consequence constituents can be modified according nature application. Due their immiscibility, HDESs induce phase segregation solution thus utilized extracting medium for multitude compounds. Here, we review literature reporting usage extraction various compounds metal ions from solutions absorption gases like CO2. We also discuss techniques currently employed processes. have delineated limitations might reduce applicability these discussed examples how behave reaction media. Our presents possibility being used substitutes conventional

Language: Английский

---

The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 636 - 735

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur following exposure to traumatic experience. An estimated 12 million U.S. adults are presently affected by this disorder. Current treatments include psychological therapies (e.g., exposure-based interventions) and pharmacological selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)). However, significant proportion of patients receiving standard-of-care for PTSD remain symptomatic, new approaches other trauma-related conditions greatly needed. Psychedelic compounds alter cognition, perception, mood currently being examined their efficacy in treating despite current status as Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)- scheduled substances. Initial clinical trials have demonstrated the potential value psychedelicassisted therapy treat psychiatric disorders. In comprehensive review, we summarize state science care, including shortcomings. We review studies psychedelic interventions PTSD, disorders, common comorbidities. The classic psychedelics psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) DMT-containing ayahuasca, well entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) dissociative anesthetic ketamine, reviewed. For each drug, present history use, somatic effects, pharmacology, safety profile. rationale proposed mechanisms use traumarelated disorders discussed. This concludes with an in-depth consideration future directions applications maximize therapeutic benefit minimize risk individuals communities impacted conditions.

Language: Английский

---