Internet
gaming
behaviors
are
common
among
adolescents
in
the
modern
era.
The
present
study
aimed
to
examine
associations
internet
disorder
(IGD)
symptoms,
low
self-control,
meaning
life
(MIL),
school
commitment,
and
family
functioning
2,064
Chinese
ethnic
minority
(46.9%
females,
mean
age
=
14.6
years),
who
were
recruited
from
five
middle
schools
Sichuan,
China
2022.
Direct
indirect
effects
of
self-control
MIL
on
commitment
via
IGD
symptoms
analyzed
structural
equation
modeling
(SEM).
All
scales
showed
satisfactory
model
fit
scalar
measurement
invariance
by
gender.
sample
displayed
relatively
few
symptoms.
Males
significantly
greater
lower
levels
than
females.
Impulsivity,
temper,
search
for
meaning,
presence
associated
with
There
significant
impulsivity,
Multigroup
SEM
across
gender
found
that
positive
association
between
existed
males
but
not
Presence
negatively
moderated
impulsivity
findings
support
a
mediating
role
relationships
buffering
adolescents.
results
have
implications
targeted
interventions
help
meaning.
BMC Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
Abstract
Objective
In
July
2021,
the
“Double
Reduction”
policy
was
introduced
in
China,
aiming
to
alleviate
burden
of
excessive
homework
and
off-campus
tutoring
for
students
compulsory
education
stage.
The
purpose
this
study
is
explore
changes
students’
insomnia
symptoms
related
factors
after
implementation.
Meanwhile,
sex
differences
were
further
examined.
Methods
baseline
survey
(T1)
began
April
2021
(pre-policy),
with
a
follow-up
(T2)
conducted
December
(post-policy).
A
total
28,398
completed
both
T1
T2
surveys
included
study.
Insomnia
measured
at
using
three
questions
from
Youth
Self-Report
Scale.
Demographics
anxiety
depressive
collected
T1,
policy-related
indicators
assessed
T2.
Results
prevalence
showed
slight
decrease
(9.9%
vs.
9.2%).
After
controlling
demographics
symptoms,
reduced
(OR:
0.75
[0.65–0.86]),
more
family
time
0.50
[0.44–0.57]),
academic
pressure
0.77
[0.71–0.83])
post-policy
lower
risk
new-onset
symptoms.
Additionally,
0.59
[0.49–0.72])
(OR:0.70
[0.56–0.86])
against
persistent
There
no
significant
associations
between
Conclusions
has
somewhat
improved
Extending
time,
alleviating
are
considered
measures
maintaining
sleep
health
students.
BACKGROUND
Online
sexual
experiences
(OSEs)
are
becoming
increasingly
common
in
young
adults,
but
existing
papers
have
reported
only
on
specific
types
of
OSEs
and
not
shown
the
heterogeneous
nature
repertoire
OSEs.
The
use
patterns
remain
unclear,
relationships
with
risk
behaviors
behavioral
health
outcomes
been
evaluated.
OBJECTIVE
This
study
aimed
to
examine
latent
heterogeneity
adults
associations
outcomes.
METHODS
2021
Youth
Sexuality
Study
Hong
Kong
Family
Planning
Association
phone
interviewed
a
random
sample
1205
2022
(male
sex:
613/1205,
50.9%;
mean
age
23.0
years,
SD
2.86
years)
lifetime
OSEs,
demographic
family
characteristics,
Patient
Health
Questionnaire-4
(PHQ-4)
scores,
sex-related
factors
(sexual
orientation,
sex
knowledge,
behaviors),
(sexually
transmitted
infections
[STIs],
drug
use,
suicidal
ideation)
past
year.
Sample
was
analyzed
via
class
analysis
substantive
checking
profiles.
Structural
equation
modeling
used
direct
indirect
between
OSE
PHQ-4
scores.
RESULTS
data
supported
3
classes
measurement
invariance
by
sex.
In
this
study,
33.1%
(398/1205),
56.0%
(675/1205),
10.9%
(132/1205)
were
abstinent
(minimal
OSEs),
normative
(occasional
active
(substantive
respectively.
Male
participants
showed
lower
prevalence
(131/613,
21.4%
versus
263/592,
44.4%)
higher
(104/613,
17.0%
28/592,
4.7%)
than
female
participants.
significantly
knowledge
other
2
classes.
associated
male
sex,
nonheterosexual
status,
desire
more
Compared
nonactive
(abstinent
normative)
classes,
indirectly
rates
STIs
(absolute
difference
percentage
points
[Δ]=4.8%;
<i>P</i>=.03)
(Δ=7.6%;
<i>P</i>=.001)
behaviors,
ideation
(Δ=2.5%;
<i>P</i>=.007)
CONCLUSIONS
provided
first
results
(abstinent,
normative,
active)
distinct
profiles
factors,
scores
These
implications
for
formulation
evaluation
targeted
interventions
help
adults.
Internet
gaming
behaviors
are
common
among
adolescents
in
the
modern
era.
The
present
study
aimed
to
examine
associations
internet
disorder
(IGD)
symptoms,
low
self-control,
meaning
life
(MIL),
school
commitment,
and
family
functioning
2,064
Chinese
ethnic
minority
(46.9%
females,
mean
age
=
14.6
years),
who
were
recruited
from
five
middle
schools
Sichuan,
China
2022.
Direct
indirect
effects
of
self-control
MIL
on
commitment
via
IGD
symptoms
analyzed
structural
equation
modeling
(SEM).
All
scales
showed
satisfactory
model
fit
scalar
measurement
invariance
by
gender.
sample
displayed
relatively
few
symptoms.
Males
significantly
greater
lower
levels
than
females.
Impulsivity,
temper,
search
for
meaning,
presence
associated
with
There
significant
impulsivity,
Multigroup
SEM
across
gender
found
that
positive
association
between
existed
males
but
not
Presence
negatively
moderated
impulsivity
findings
support
a
mediating
role
relationships
buffering
adolescents.
results
have
implications
targeted
interventions
help
meaning.
