Wildfire Smoke: Health Effects, Mechanisms, and Mitigation

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense on a global scale, raising concerns about their acute long-term effects human health. We conducted systematic review of the current epidemiological evidence wildfire health risks meta-analysis to investigate association between smoke exposure various outcomes. discovered that increases risk premature deaths respiratory morbidity in general population. Meta-analysis cause-specific mortality revealed had strongest associations with cardiovascular (RR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.014-1.021), asthma hospitalization 1.054, 1.026-1.082), emergency department visits 1.117, 1.035-1.204) Subgroup analyses age found adults elderly were susceptible cardiopulmonary smoke. Next, we systematically addressed toxicological mechanisms smoke, including direct toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, immune dysregulation, genotoxicity mutations, skin allergies, inflammation, others. discuss mitigation strategies public interventions, regulatory measures, personal actions. conclude by highlighting research limitations future directions for research, such as elucidating complex interactions components health, developing personalized assessment tools, improving resilience adaptation mitigate wildfires changing climate.

Language: Английский

Mental health risk for wildland firefighters: a review and future directions

International Journal of Wildland Fire, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Wildland fire is increasingly a consequence of the climate crisis, with growing impacts on communities and individuals. firefighters are critical to successful management wildland fire, yet very limited research has considered mental health in this population. Although wealth risk associated protective factors exists for structural firefighters, unique demands firefighting such as seasonal nature work, length intensity shifts, often geographically isolated working conditions, among other factors, require special consideration. The present review considers available literature highlighting importance distinguishing occupation-related risks from occupation-specific service offers concrete evidence-based recommendations future work high-priority area.

Language: Английский

Systematic review of impacts of occupational exposure to wildfire smoke on respiratory function, symptoms, measures and diseases

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 114463 - 114463

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Language: Английский