Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic era

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2)

Published: April 1, 2024

Statistical analyses from Japan reported increasing suicides in 2020, first the world, proving severity of public health crisis during COVID-19 pandemic; however, so far, international have not been shown to be objectively at population level. Followed studies existence a substantial heterogeneity among subgroups and time-lag impacts. Against Japan, policymakers, psychiatrists personnel should prioritize improving suicide prevention programs following evidence-based policymaking. Understanding how/what factors relate pandemic what other shaped numbers since 2020 through well-controlled/fine-grained high-quality longitudinal/cross-sectional data individual, regional, national levels is important for identifying reasons recent trend. For this purpose, study examined statistics, statistical analysis methods, their interpretations. Recent suggest an increased risk females <50 years males <30 2020-2022. Notably, time-series revealed that adolescent began before pandemic, while working-age female sharply synchronously with outbreak. Causality social issues facing global psychosocial socioeconomic transformations are high-risk groups. Finally, report demonstrates importance providing appropriate support based on objective understanding individuals who suicide, without being bound by traditional established knowledges.

Language: Английский

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Fluctuation of suicide mortality and temporal causality from unemployment duration to suicide mortality in Japan during 2009–2022

Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 103574 - 103574

Published: March 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Suicidal Mortality and Motives Among Middle-School, High-School, and University Students

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. e2328144 - e2328144

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Importance The suicide mortality rate per 100 000 population (SMRP) consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Japan and then unexpectedly increased during pandemic. However, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objective To identify trends factors associated with suicidal motives among students from 2007 to 2022. Design, Setting, Participants In this cross-sectional study, data on SMRPs Japanese middle-school, high-school, university were obtained government database Suicide Statistics of National Police Agency. Main Outcomes Measures Age-dependent temporal fluctuations annual SMRPs, disaggregated by motive (7 categories 52 subcategories), sex, school, analyzed using linear mixed-effect joinpoint regression models, respectively. Results Total numbers 2022 as follows: 760 male middle-school students, 635 female 2376 high-school 1566 5179 1880 students. mean (SD) student populations 1 752 737 (81 334) 675 572 (78 824) 648 274 (67 520) 614 828 (60 032) 652 689 (32 724) 229 142 (57 484) Among leading school-related (underachievement worrying about future), followed family-related health-related motives. decreased, but showed an age-dependent increase. almost equal (mean [SD], 2.7 [1.0] vs 2.4 [1.4]), increase was pronounced 9.1 [2.4] 19.6 [3.0]; 6.1 9.6 [1.8]). incidence greater majority suicides major impactable (school-related, health-related, motives) began increasing Changes SMRP interpersonal relationships, such conflict classmates or parents, not significant, rates greatly Conclusions Relevance School-related, problems motives, whereas impacts age, Notably, most (underachievement, a parent classmate, mental illnesses) had already begun late 2010s, indicating that recent school-aged individuals pandemic-related other affecting generation It may be inappropriate uniformly apply research findings based school-based prevention programs for middle high university.

Language: Английский

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Is an increase in Japan’s suicides caused by COVID-19 alone?

Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 103320 - 103320

Published: Nov. 11, 2022

Similar to other countries, the Japanese government quickly undertook preventative measures against increasing suicides during pandemic, but could not suppress increase. Suicide mortality among both sexes under 20 and females aged 20-39 significantly increased unexpectedly had already slowed decreasing trends before pandemic onset. Furthermore, a higher complete unemployment rate contributed suicide of sexes, whereas positive relationship between mortalities rates was observed.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Complete Unemployment Rates Disaggregated by Reason and Duration on Suicide Mortality from 2009–2022 in Japan

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(20), P. 2806 - 2806

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

In Japan, suicides had consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2009–2019), but conversely increased after outbreak 2020–2022). To identify features of fluctuations in standardized suicide mortality rates per 100,000 population (SMRP) disaggregated by gender (males/females) and age (10-year cohorts) from 2009–2022 were analyzed using interrupted time-series joinpoint regression analyses. Temporal causalities unemployment rate (CUR) duration reasons for seeking work to SMRP vector autoregressive modelling with Granger causality analysis. composed three patterns, such as positive discontinuity (increasing) synchronized outbreak, attenuations decreasing trends pandemic, turning increasing/unchanging outbreak. Dismissal CUR positively related working-age generations, whereas voluntary negatively younger (<30 years), which turned persistently increasing (approximately 2016–2017). shorter than 3 months females, displayed promptly synchronization longer 12 males, contributed SMRPs during pandemic. These results suggest that 2020–2022 Japan has been probably at-tributed interactions among pandemic-related factors, continuous vulnerabilities newly developing risk factors Unexpectedly, males 2022 either prolongation or ending might affect Japan.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the Japanese Government's ‘General Principles of Suicide Prevention Policy’ on youth suicide from 2007 to 2022

BJPsych Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Background The Japanese Government programme ‘General Principles of Suicide Prevention Policy' (GPSPP) contributed to decreasing suicide mortality rates (SMRs) before the COVID-19 pandemic, but they increased after pandemic. Aims To identify risk factors for youth and impact GPSPP on suicide. Method Annual numbers during 2007–2022 were obtained from government databases. SMRs student non-student youths analysed with a linear mixed-effects model. Interrupted time-series analysis was conducted investigate temporal relations between three periods 52 motives among high school, special vocational school university students. Multiple regression influence grade repetition SMRs. Results Non-student higher than School-related (worrying about future/underachievement), health-related (mainly mental illness) family-related (conflict parent severe verbal reprimands) major During first period (2007–2012), no decreased. second (2012–2017), increased, unchanged. In contrast, third (2017–2022), exception male students, all increased. Unexpectedly, long-term negatively associated Conclusions These findings suggest that GPSPP-supported programmes in schools partially prevention. suppress increasing SMRs, social/life support specialists should participate in-school services bolster social standing lives students who repeat grades or experience setbacks.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Working Hours, Wages, and Regular Employment Opportunity on Suicide Mortalities of Employed and Unemployed Individuals before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 499 - 499

Published: April 18, 2024

Standardized suicide mortality rates per 100,000 population (SMRs) in Japan consistently decreased from 2009-2019, but these decreasing trends were reversed to increase 2020. To clarify the mechanisms of recent increasing Japan, temporal fluctuations SMRs disaggregated by sex and employment status (employed unemployed individuals) labor indices such as working hours, wages, regular opportunity index (REO) January 2012 June 2023 analyzed using interrupted time-series analysis. Additionally, causalities vector autoregressive non-linear auto-regressive distributed lag analyses. Decreasing among employed both sexes attenuated after enactment "Work Style Reform Program" 2018, male unaffected COVID-19 pandemic. However, female sharply increased, synchronized with Act" pandemic outbreak (the impact was greater than Act"). increased revision scale-down countermeasures against economic deterioration caused ("revision supportive COVID-19"). Unexpectedly, enacting Act", wages due possibly hours. Increasing REO, which a protective factor for suicides, not affected any indices. It has been established that controlling heavy workload plays an important role suppressing physical mental conditions, including suicide; however, this study suggested that, at least within appropriate ranges hours excessive management probably contributes suicides some vulnerable individuals via de-creasing their wages. Although governmental welfare support measures had be revised according rapidly changing situations during pandemic, also gaps part revisions several unexpectedly involved drastically/sharply 2022.

Language: Английский

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Trends in Suicidal Mortality and Motives among Working-Ages Individuals in Japan during 2007–2022

European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 2795 - 2810

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Suicides in Japan consistently decreased from 2009–2019, but increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. To identify causes of increasing suicides, age-dependent and temporal fluctuations suicide mortality rate per 100,000 (SMRP) working-age generations (20–59 years) disaggregated by suicidal motives (7-categories; 52-subcategories) sex 2007 to 2022, were analyzed analysis variance joinpoint regression, respectively, using government database “Suicide Statistics”. The SMRP 20–29 year-old males 20–49 females began increase late 2010s. SMRPs these high-risk groups for suicides caused depression (the leading motive all groups) Economic-related, employment-related, romance-related problems contributed Romance-related family-related Increasing child-raising stress 20–39 2010s was a remarkable finding. In contrast, 30–59 until 2021; however, groups, various sharply 2022. consistent pandemic suggest recent socioeconomic psychosocial possibly independently pandemic-associated factors, whereas years probably associated with ending rather than factors.

Language: Английский

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Adolescent Suicides in the Western Pacific Region Have Become a More Serious Public Health Problem than in Other Regions

Psychiatry International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 564 - 584

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Globally, suicide mortality rates have decreased in this century; however, it has been reported that the decreasing trends of some subgroups were attenuated late 2010s. These tendencies are pronounced among adolescents. In study, temporal fluctuations age-standardized death rate (ASDR-suicide), crude (CMR-suicide), and percentage suicides per total deaths (PTD-suicide) adolescents (10–24 years) global high-income middle-income countries Western Pacific Region (WPR) from 1990 to 2019, as well fixed effects communication factors (penetration cellular telephones Internet) on ASDR-suicide/CMR-suicide/PTD-suicide adolescents, analyzed using WHO Mortality Database. The male ASDR-suicide decreased, those males females unchanged, while other groups (males WPR WPR) increased. adolescent was almost equivalent 1990s but higher than consistently differences widened over time. PTD-suicide both whereas increased markedly by >40% telephone Internet penetrations negatively positively related WPR, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that, century, prevention health activities increasing importance compared with regions.

Language: Английский

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The Mortality from External Causes: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the War in Ukraine

Statistics of Ukraine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100(1), P. 140 - 153

Published: March 31, 2023

Extreme events (the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian aggression beginning with 24.02.2022) had adverse effects for number of premature deaths, overall mortality, death rate structure due to external causes (ECs). While change determined by spread in 2019–2021 can be revealed a high reliability use official statistics data, mortality Ukraine became hardly accessible after 24.02.2022. The exact deaths caused war (for military men civil population alike) has not been known now. Even on territories outside warfare zone, all occurrences ECs have identified classified accuracy. There exist series factors increased probability time injuries provoked other factors. research objective is assess resulting from subsequent large-scale invasion Ukraine; identify risk impact this change, and, given lack updated statistical articulate hypotheses probable cause, conformity Chapter XX “External morbidity mortality” International Statistical Classification Deceases Related Health Problems (10th revision). An assessment prewar situation was made data State Statistics Service distribution gender age 2019–2021; assessed selected departmental international agencies 2022. It that 2021 smaller share (3.20% against 4.25% in2019) fell into XX. did feature reduced relative 2019, estimate Eurostandard being virtually unchanged. Factors determining potentially increasing are as follows: massive (of population) throughout active period its consequences, e. g. hitting explosive devices cessation; acute or chronic mental pressure majority spreading post-traumatic disorders provoking scales risky behaviors suicide; ruining transport infrastructures loosening control over traffic safety, especially times blackout; unintentional poisoning (with chemical substances, carbon monoxide, poisonous plants mushrooms, alcohol), thermal overcooling/frostbites. monoxide (mainly warfare, suicides, undefined intentions, road accidents poisonings) predicted 2022–2023, before end short run it, widening gap between women. additional factor nonfatal traumas preventable worse access medical aid and/or subjective reasons overburdened health protection system.

Language: Английский

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