European Surveillance and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Updated Epidemiological Assessment (Preprint) DOI
Alexander Lundberg, Scott A Wu, Alan Soetikno

et al.

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

BACKGROUND In this study, we built upon our initial research published in 2020 by incorporating an additional 2 years of data for Europe. We assessed whether COVID-19 had shifted from the pandemic to endemic phase region when World Health Organization (WHO) declared end public health emergency international concern on May 5, 2023. OBJECTIVE first aimed measure there was expansion or contraction Europe at time WHO declaration. Second, used dynamic and genomic surveillance methods describe history situate window declaration within broader history. Third, provided historical context course terms policy disease burden country levels. METHODS addition updates traditional panel estimates original study sequenced SARS-CoV-2 variants Global Initiative Sharing All Influenza Data identify appearance duration concern. Nextclade nomenclature collect clade designations sequences Pangolin lineage SARS-CoV-2. Finally, conducted a 1-tailed <i>t</i> test regional weekly speed greater than outbreak threshold 10. ran iteratively with 6 months across sample period. RESULTS Speed remained below 4 Acceleration jerk were also low stable. While 1-day 7-day persistence coefficients statistically significant, moderate magnitude (0.404 0.547, respectively; <i>P</i>&lt;.001 both). The shift parameters weeks around small insignificant, suggesting little change clustering effect cases future time. From December 2021 onward, Omicron predominant variant viral samples. rolling equal 10 became insignificant April CONCLUSIONS continues circulate Europe, rate transmission ahead previously been nearly continuous state outbreak. more recent trend suggested that no longer reached definition. However, several countries outbreak, conclusion is unclear.

Language: Английский

Characteristic analysis of China's actions against the COVID‐19 in schools and comparison with other countries DOI
Na Li, Xiang Yu

Public Health Nursing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. 255 - 263

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Abstract Background The outbreak of the COVID‐19 poses a great threat to students globally. China has taken steps keep from becoming infected for more than 30 months, while other countries have also steps. Comparing intentions, implementation, immediate and long‐term effects these initiatives can shed light on care adolescents in schools. Objective focus study is describe full range school prevention measures China, identifying when they work do not. At same time, some typical countries’ schools are presented compared provide comprehensive discussion. Methods This attempted combine data comparison, information analysis, policy interpretation, participatory observation form analytical network. Results China's gone through lucky periods, safety difficult crisis periods. These efforts due government's intense control measures, strict accountability administrators, frequent nucleic acid testing, widespread vaccination, widely implemented online learning. In by implement, price paid government, needs be further assessed reflected upon. Conclusions virus able destroy school's defence with ease. There should consensus among permanent strategy, but severity various appropriately determined, negative effects.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
European Surveillance and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Updated Epidemiological Assessment (Preprint) DOI
Alexander Lundberg, Scott A Wu, Alan Soetikno

et al.

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

BACKGROUND In this study, we built upon our initial research published in 2020 by incorporating an additional 2 years of data for Europe. We assessed whether COVID-19 had shifted from the pandemic to endemic phase region when World Health Organization (WHO) declared end public health emergency international concern on May 5, 2023. OBJECTIVE first aimed measure there was expansion or contraction Europe at time WHO declaration. Second, used dynamic and genomic surveillance methods describe history situate window declaration within broader history. Third, provided historical context course terms policy disease burden country levels. METHODS addition updates traditional panel estimates original study sequenced SARS-CoV-2 variants Global Initiative Sharing All Influenza Data identify appearance duration concern. Nextclade nomenclature collect clade designations sequences Pangolin lineage SARS-CoV-2. Finally, conducted a 1-tailed <i>t</i> test regional weekly speed greater than outbreak threshold 10. ran iteratively with 6 months across sample period. RESULTS Speed remained below 4 Acceleration jerk were also low stable. While 1-day 7-day persistence coefficients statistically significant, moderate magnitude (0.404 0.547, respectively; <i>P</i>&lt;.001 both). The shift parameters weeks around small insignificant, suggesting little change clustering effect cases future time. From December 2021 onward, Omicron predominant variant viral samples. rolling equal 10 became insignificant April CONCLUSIONS continues circulate Europe, rate transmission ahead previously been nearly continuous state outbreak. more recent trend suggested that no longer reached definition. However, several countries outbreak, conclusion is unclear.

Language: Английский

Citations

0