Pandemic preparedness in Vietnam: a review of health system resilience and areas for improvement

Journal of Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

In this viewpoint, we explore Vietnam's health system vulnerabilities and its national response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well critical areas of resilience, including financing, workforce distribution, information systems, governance. While Vietnam achieved early success through strong governance mass vaccination campaigns, pandemic revealed weaknesses in resource procurement, imbalance, limitations system. There are challenges ensuring rapid disbursement financial resources reliance on imported medical supplies, which delayed times. Uneven healthcare particularly rural areas, further strained Although telemedicine digital solutions were implemented, weak infrastructure inadequate technology literacy hindered their effectiveness. Governance efforts, while generally strong, highlighted need for better coordination role clarity during emergencies. Our findings identify improvement, effective mobilisation allocation, enhanced infrastructure, expanded access, support workers. enhancements, such improved priority setting interagency coordination, also critical. These insights offer valuable guidance strengthening greater preparedness future pandemics, but could help other low- middle-income countries facing similar challenges.

Language: Английский

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A SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (S-268019-b) for COVID-19 prevention during the Omicron-dominant period: A phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(17), P. 3699 - 3709

Published: May 10, 2024

Clinical trials of new vaccines based on existing variants Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are often impacted by the emergence virus variants. We evaluated efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety S-268019-b, a recombinant spike protein subunit vaccine ancestral strain, for preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during Omicron (BA.2)-dominant period in Vietnam. In this multicentre, phase 3, randomised (2:1), observer-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, participants received intramuscular doses (28 days apart) either 10 µg S-268019-b (Recombinant S-protein vaccine) or placebo. The primary endpoint was incidence laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 before crossover, with onset within 14 following second dose, who were seronegative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-negative at baseline. secondary endpoints included immunogenicity safety. total, 8,594 (S-268019-b [n = 5,727]; placebo 2,867]). Vaccine efficacy versus 39·1 % (95 confidence interval [CI]:26·6-49·5; one-sided P 0·0723). rate CI) 776·41/1,000 person-years (682·04-880·19) group 1272·87/1,000 (1101·32-1463·57) group. geometric mean titres SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody increased Day 57 baseline (34·66 [27·04-44·41] 2·50 (non-estimable) but not There no concerns regarding S-268019-b. did demonstrate targeted threshold against COVID-19; however, findings comparable other prophylactic ancestor strain Omicron-dominant period. demonstrated well-tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05212948.

Language: Английский

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Reliability of online dental final exams in the pre and post COVID-19 era: A comparative study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. e0286148 - e0286148

Published: May 24, 2023

Amidst the fourth COVID-19 wave in Viet Nam, national lockdowns necessitated closure of numerous dental schools. To assess DDS (Doctor Dental Surgery) graduation exams, this study analyzed their 2021 implementation comparison to onsite exams conducted 2020 and 2022 at Faculty Odonto-Stomatology, University Medicine Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Nam (FOS-UMPH). The final online examination comprises two main sessions: a synchronous using FOS-UMPH e-Learning for theories (consisting 200 MCQs 3 written tests with clinical situations needed be solved) Microsoft Teams practicum (comprising 12 OSCE stations). grades were evaluated same metrics face-to-face examinations 2020. A total 114, 112 95 students recruited first-time 2020, 2022, respectively. In order analyze reliability, histogram k-mean clustering employed. histograms from showed striking similarity. However, fewer failed (13% 12.6%, respectively) compared (28%), problem-solving part (belonging theory session) being notably higher 2022. Intriguingly, MCQ Score results identical patterns. courses orthodontics, public health, pediatrics subjects (in group prevention development dentistry) stood out exceptional accuracy across both sessions. After examining data gathered over three years, we identified distinct clusters: first comprised scattered average low scores, second characterized by high scores but unstable third cluster boasting consistently centered scores. According our study, traditional exam are relatively equivalent, additional measures necessary standardize adapt new normal trend education.

Language: Английский

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A discrete-time networked SIS model with stubborn communities: the equilibrium analysis

International Journal of Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

This paper studies the discrete-time networked SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) model coupled with opinion dynamics, where both recovery rate and infection are affected by evolution of opinions toward epidemic. We consider that n communities divided into non-stubborn stubborn whose remain unchanged. By analysing existence uniqueness system equilibria (i.e. healthy state endemic state), their stability, we find epidemic outbreak eradication can be communities' opinions. Compared only affect rates, level is greater than or equal to our proposed model. Moreover, analyse effect on level. Finally, illustrate results through simulations.

Language: Английский

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Anxiety and stress among Vietnamese health workers during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Medicine and Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 940 - 947

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

The prevalence and contributing factors of mental health issues among workers in Vietnam during the early 2022 Omicron wave remain underexplored. This study investigated associated with anxiety stress a Vietnamese hospital this period. A cross-sectional study, conducted from February 28 to April 14, 2022, at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, assessed 754 frontline using DASS-21 questionnaire via Google survey. Logistic regression models were used identify linked stress. Among healthcare workers, 22% experienced stress, 33% anxiety. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that direct contact COVID-19 patients significantly increased likelihood experiencing (OR = 2.12, P < 0.01). Additionally, discrimination relatives friends was higher odds having 2.45, 0.001). Furthermore, heavy workload 1.95, Lastly, lack support colleagues 2.77, 0.05). remained significant initial wave. Identified these problems hold important policy implications for enhancing pandemic preparedness worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Design and generation of mRNAs encoding conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab for T cell-mediated immune activation

Future Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 501 - 516

Published: June 1, 2023

To generate mRNAs encoding conserved regions within SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab which can induce strong T-cell responses to overcome the immune invasion of newly emergent variants.We selected two with a high density epitopes using immunoinformatics for mRNA synthesis. The ability testing activate T cells IFN-γ production was examined by an ELISpot assay and flow cytometry.Two synthesized were successfully translated in MDA-MB-231 had comparable potency spike CD4+ CD8+ peripheral blood mononuclear 29 out 34 participants.This study provides proof-of-concept use develop booster vaccines capable eliciting T-cell-mediated immunity.

Language: Английский

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