Evidence of rapid rise in population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 subclinical infections through pre-vaccination serial serosurveys in Pakistan

Journal of Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Understanding factors associated with protective immunity against emerging viral infections is crucial for global health. Pakistan reported its first COVID-19 case on 26 February 2020, but experienced relatively low COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality between 2020 2022. The underlying reasons this remain unclear, our research aims to shed light issue. We conducted a serial population-based serosurvey over 16 months (rounds 1-4, July November 2021) across households in urban (Karachi) rural (Matiari) Sindh, sampling 1100 3900 individuals. measured antibodies sera tested subset of respiratory samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) antigen tests, also measuring haemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), vitamin D, zinc round 1. Participants showed 23% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21.9-24.5) antibody seroprevalence 1, increasing rounds 2-4 29% CI 27.4-30.6), 49% 47.2-50.9), 79% 77.4-80.8), respectively. Urban residents had 2.6 times 1.9-3.6) higher odds seropositivity than residents. Seropositivity did not differ genders. Individuals aged 20-49 years 7.5 4.6-12.4) compared children 0-4 years. Most participants no symptoms COVID-19, mortality. Vitamin D deficiency was linked seroprevalence. confirmed 1.8% individuals via RT-PCR tests. data suggests steady increase humoral Pakistan, likely due increased transmission asymptomatic disease. Overall, reflects the longitudinal trend protection severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2, leading observed population.

Language: Английский

A multi-level approach to reduce exploding type 2 diabetes in Pakistan

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 21, 2025

Pakistan has the third-highest rate of type 2 diabetes globally, following China and India, making this a significant public health crisis. Despite severity issue, efforts from policy practitioners to address it remain limited. With millions already diagnosed as pre-diabetic, rising incidence is rapidly becoming emergency that demands immediate attention. This brief provides an accessible overview diabetes, focusing on its types, mechanisms, preventive measures. It also identifies key contributing factors, such dietary habits, obesity, physical inactivity, influence modern trends, while proposing strategies for individuals, communities, policymakers combat growing epidemic in Pakistan. The emphasizes need multi-level approach includes awareness, education, behavioral changes, interventions reverse trend. Strategies discussed include promoting healthy eating, increasing activity, managing enhancing access affordable, food. Additionally, highlights importance community government support, campaigns, infrastructure improvements, legislative efforts. By adopting comprehensive approach, can take meaningful steps improve outcomes.

Language: Английский