Widespread shift from ecosystem energy to water limitation with climate change

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 677 - 684

Published: July 1, 2022

Abstract Terrestrial ecosystems are essential for food and water security CO 2 uptake. Ecosystem function is dependent on the availability of soil moisture, yet it unclear how climate change will alter moisture limitation vegetation. Here we use an ecosystem index that distinguishes energy limitations in Earth system model simulations to show a widespread regime shift from between 1980 2100. This found both space time. While this mainly related reduction energy-limited regions associated with increasing incoming shortwave radiation, largest towards where radiation increases accompanied by decreases. We therefore demonstrate stronger than implied individual trends terrestrial evaporation, important implications future services.

Language: Английский

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Inter-seasonal connection of typical European heatwave patterns to soil moisture

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Abstract Although prolonged heat periods have become a recurring feature of European climate, little knowledge is available on dominant spatial patterns heatwaves and their influence moisture-related processes. Increased will help to improve heatwave drought prediction mitigation. This study uses hierarchical agglomerative clustering derive nine dominating from 50-member regional climate model (Canadian Regional Climate Model version 5, CRCM5-LE). The correspond well with clusters derived an observational data set (E-OBS) extreme historical events. Moreover, we analyse the occurrence in identified regarding soil moisture deficit present before after event. We show that negative anomalies preceding winter/spring (JFMA) can serve as predictor for South Europe. For North Europe, find correlation between number days summer autumn (OND) content.

Language: Английский

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How to reconcile renewable energy and agricultural production in a drying world

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. 650 - 661

Published: April 21, 2023

Societal Impact Statement Renewable energies such as photovoltaics can mitigate climate change by replacing fossil fuels, but they will compete with other forms of land use when implemented in open space. Agrivoltaics provide a promising approach to reconciling food and energy needs allowing for agricultural electrical power production on the same area land. have high potential attenuate negative effects drought crop growth and, thus, help increase resilience under increasingly variable environmental conditions. This attenuation be especially relevant regions where population co‐occur. Summary Water scarcity is threatening security other, plant‐related ecosystem services. provides sustainable strategy replace fuel this, change. However, common renewable space directly agriculture. are proposed technology reconcile general understanding agrivoltaics facilitate yield changing climatic conditions lacking. In this study we an overview microclimate yields. We furthermore quantify global crops develop conceptual framework evaluating interactions between solar Generally, shading reduce comparison maximum possible unshaded, well‐watered interannual variation yields caused drought, production. seems prone world. Land efficiency agrivoltaic systems linked degree which covaries ultimately guided political decisions how weight vs. security. The latter depends economic, societal ecological aspects related implementation agrivoltaics.

Language: Английский

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Heavy Metal and Drought Stress in Plants: The Role of Microbes—A Review

Gesunde Pflanzen, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75(4), P. 695 - 708

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Abstract Plants are composed of complex organisms that include morphological, physiological and biochemical segments. A number environmental factors such as, heavy metals, drought, salinity, heat, cold cause stress towards plants impact on their growth yield values. Heavy metal contamination drought considered to be two significant (abiotic) receiving increased attention due effects plants. Many plant species from previously non-drought prone areas now face as a new factor must develop avoidance mechanisms. Comparing drought-related tolerance strategies, have developed strategies fight against pollution its wide coverage. These detoxification, compartmentalization, storage in cell vacuoles Few similarities been found the mechanisms both strategies. The use beneficial microbes is one most promising methods improve because plant-associated decrease accumulation while enhancing nutrient supply water under stress. In this review, we summarize how metals effect growth, with particular focus mechanisms, well role enhance tolerance. Recommendations including irrigation, fertilization molecular techniques increase plant’s conditions also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Climate change impacts on regional fire weather in heterogeneous landscapes of central Europe

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 411 - 428

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract. Wildfires have reached an unprecedented scale in the Northern Hemisphere. The summers of 2022 and 2023 demonstrated destructive power wildfires, especially North America southern Europe. Global warming leads to changes fire danger. Specifically, seasons are assumed become more extreme will extend temperate regions northern latitudes future. However, extent which seasonality severity danger central Europe change future remains be investigated. Multiple studies claim that natural variability model uncertainty hide trend increasing multi-model climate simulations for potentially fire-prone areas. Such a might isolated with single-model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs), help scientists distinguish forced response from variability. So far, SMILE framework has only been applied estimation on global scale. To date, few dynamically downscaled regional SMILEs exist, although they enhance spatial representation climatic patterns or local In this study, we use Canadian Regional Climate Model version 5 Large Ensemble (CRCM5-LE) over region under RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario 1980 2099 analyze area is currently not prone. We Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) as indicator. study covers four heterogeneous landscapes, namely Alps, Alpine Foreland, lowlands South German Escarpment, Eastern Mountain Ranges Bavarian Forest. demonstrate CRCM5-LE dataset suitable disentangling trends multi-variate metric. Our results show strongest increases median (50th) (90th) quantiles FWI parts (South Escarpment Ranges) summer months July August. There, high becomes condition by end century, levels occur earlier season. (Alps Foreland) less strongly affected than parts. these reach their time emergence (TOE) early 2040s because very low current parts, exceeds late 2040s. find today's 100-year event every 30 years 2050 10 century. highlight potential severe events Europe, prone, need management even climate.

Language: Английский

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Hydro-meteorological droughts across the Baltic Region: The role of the accumulation periods

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 913, P. 169669 - 169669

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Current and future risk of unprecedented hydrological droughts in Great Britain

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 625, P. 130074 - 130074

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

The UK has experienced recurring hydrological droughts in the past and their frequency severity are predicted to increase with climate change. However, quantifying risks of extreme is challenging given short observational record, multivariate nature large internal variability system. We use EC-Earth time-slice ensembles, which consist 2000 years data each for present-day, 2°C 3°C conditions relative pre-industrial, drive models river catchments Great Britain (GB) obtain a set plausible droughts. Since future warming certain, uncertainty drought mainly associated precipitation. Estimates unprecedented extremes show that chance summer month year drier than observed driest (1995) projected (from 9% present-day (PD) 18% warmer world (3C) southeast England). For winter, dry winter (1991-92) slightly decreases 10% - PD 8% 3C England) but does not change significantly warming. add value these probabilistic estimates by sampling physical storylines sequences characterised spring-summers, autumn-winters consecutive winters . Dry spring-summers estimated become primarily driven reduced precipitation summer. may wetter general trend more although triggered moderate autumn-winter deficits worsen higher likelihood being followed Similarly, impacts winters, particular risk slow-responding English lowlands, as intervening hotter drier. These can be used stress-test systems inform decision-making.

Language: Английский

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European hot and dry summers are projected to become more frequent and expand northwards

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Heatwaves and dry spells are major climate hazards with far-reaching implications for health, economy, agriculture, ecosystems. The frequency of compound hot summers in Europe has risen recent years. Here we present an examination past extreme compare them to future conditions. We use reanalysis data (2001–2022) model at three global warming levels: +1.2 °C, +2 +3 °C nine selected sub-regions. Key findings indicate a significant increase the most occurrences under 2 3 scenarios. For specific summers, occurrence probability rises by up 5–6 times from °C. Moreover, our analysis reveals notable northward shift climatology warming. observed Eastern current conditions is anticipated extend into substantial parts Baltic coast, Finland, Scandinavia.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing spatial–temporal drought risk heterogeneities: A hazard, vulnerability and resilience-based modeling

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 619, P. 129321 - 129321

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Elevated CO2 improves grain yield in bread wheat by enhancing carbon assimilation, activities of carbohydrate metabolic and antixidant enzymes

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 100493 - 100493

Published: May 18, 2024

This study aimed to explore the effects of elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) on wheat performance under drought stress, while investigating role eco-physiology, carbohydrate metabolic and antioxidant enzymes predict grain yield. Wheat genotype Lianmai6 was grown ambient (400ppm) (800ppm) concentrations, with subsequent exposure stress prior anthesis. Leaf parameters, including photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration (E), were significantly declined drought. Grain yield parameters adversely affected by An water use efficiency (WUE) traits increased e[CO2]. Notably, activities certain in sink tissues but reduced source conditions. However, phosphoglucomutase (PGM phophoglucoisomerase (PGI) combined effect Total potential (TAP) decreased both leaf spike conditions, yet These findings suggest that e[CO2] can enhance assimilation boosting facilitate supply photosynthates through enhanced various enzymes, ultimately better could elucidate partial mechanism bread stress.

Language: Английский

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