Revolutionizing developmental neurotoxicity testing – a journey from animal models to advanced in vitro systems

ALTEX, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing has seen enormous progress over the last two decades. Preceding even publication of animal-based OECD test guideline for DNT in 2007, a series non-animal technology workshops and conferences (starting 2005) shaped community that delivered comprehensive battery vitro methods (IVB). Its data interpretation is covered by very recent guidance (No. 377). Here, we aim to overview field, focusing on evolution strategies, role emerging technologies, impact guidelines testing. In particular, this an example targeted development animal-free approach one most complex hazards chemicals human health. These developments started literally from blank slate, with no proposed alternative available. Over decades, cutting-edge science enabled design spares animals enables throughput challenging hazard. While it evident field needs regulation, massive economic decreased cognitive capacity caused chemical exposure should be prioritized more highly. Beyond this, claim fame scientific brought understanding brain, its development, how can perturbed. Plain language summaryDevelopmental predicts hazard brain development. Comprehensive advanced strategies using now replace approaches assess large numbers accurately efficiently than approach. Recent formalized DNT, marking pivotal achievement field. The shift towards reflects both commitment animal welfare growing recognition public health impacts associated impaired function exposures. innovations ultimately contribute safer management better protection health, especially during vulnerable stages

Language: Английский

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The Baltimore declaration toward the exploration of organoid intelligence

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Thomas Hartung1,2*Lena Smirnova1Itzy E. Morales Pantoja1Akwasi Akwaboah3Dowlette-Mary Alam El Din1Cynthia A. Berlinicke4J. Lomax Boyd5Brian S. Caffo6Ben Cappiello7Tzahi Cohen-Karni8,9J. Lowry Curley7Ralph Etienne-Cummings3Raha Dastgheyb10David H. Gracias11,12,13,14,15,16Frederic Gilbert17Christa Whelan Habela10Fang Han18Timothy D. Harris19,20Kathrin Herrmann1Eric J. Hill21Qi Huang11Rabih Jabbour22Erik C. Johnson20Brett Kagan23Caroline Krall1Andre Levchenko24Paul Locke1Alexandra Maertens1Monica Metea25Alysson R. Muotri26,27Rheinallt Parri28Barton L. Paulhamus20Jesse Plotkin1Paul Roach29July Carolina Romero1Jens Schwamborn30Fenna Sillé1Alexander Szalay31,32,33Katya Tsaioun1Daniel Tornero34,35Joshua T. Vogelstein36Karl Wahlin37Donald Zack38,39,40,41

Language: Английский

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Human Brain Organoids: Why There Can Be Moral Concerns If They Grow Up in the Lab and Are Transplanted or Destroyed

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 582 - 596

Published: June 8, 2023

Human brain organoids (HBOs) are three-dimensional biological entities grown in the laboratory order to recapitulate structure and functions of adult human brain. They can be taken novel living for their specific features uses. As a contribution ongoing discussion on use HBOs, authors identify three sets reasons moral concern. The first set regards potential emergence sentience/consciousness HBOs that would endow them with status whose perimeter should established. second concerns has do an analogy artificial womb technology. technical realization processes typically connected physiology body create manipulatory instrumental attitude undermine protection what is human. third new frontiers biocomputing creation chimeras. far as frontier organoid intelligence concerned, it close relationship humans interfaces having components capable mimicking memory cognition raises ethical issues. chimeras humanization nonhuman animals worthy scrutiny. A detailed description these issues provided contribute construction regulative framework guide decisions when considering research field HBOs.

Language: Английский

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The energy challenges of artificial superintelligence

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

We argue here that contemporary semiconductor computing technology poses a significant if not insurmountable barrier to the emergence of any artificial general intelligence system, let alone one anticipated by many be "superintelligent". This limit on superintelligence (ASI) emerges from energy requirements system would more intelligent but orders magnitude less efficient in use than human brains. An ASI have supersede only single brain large population given effects collective behavior advancement societies, further multiplying requirement. A hypothetical likely consume what is available highly-industrialized nations. estimate with an equation we term "Erasi equation", for

Language: Английский

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Dimensions of Consciousness and the Moral Status of Brain Organoids

Neuroethics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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