npj Biofilms and Microbiomes,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
The
evolution
of
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
in
biofilms,
driven
by
mechanisms
like
oxidative
stress,
is
a
major
challenge.
This
study
investigates
whether
antioxidants
(AOs)
such
as
N-acetyl-cysteine
(NAC)
and
Edaravone
(ED)
can
reduce
AMR
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
biofilms
exposed
to
sub-inhibitory
concentrations
ciprofloxacin
(CIP).
In
vitro
experimental
studies
were
conducted
using
flow
cells
glass
beads
biofilm
models.
Results
showed
that
combining
CIP
with
(CIP-AOs)
effectively
reduced
the
development
resistance.
Isolates
from
treated
CIP-AO
had
significantly
lower
minimum
inhibitory
(MICs)
compared
those
alone.
Whole-genome
sequencing
(WGS)
revealed
mutations
negative
regulators
efflux
pumps,
nfxB,
nalC,
CIP-only
populations.
occurrence
nfxB
was
cell
These
findings
suggest
could
play
role
mitigating
biofilms.
AJP Renal Physiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
325(5), P. F595 - F617
Published: Sept. 7, 2023
Despite
significant
advances
in
renal
physiology,
the
global
prevalence
of
chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD)
continues
to
increase.
The
emergence
multicellular
organisms
gave
rise
increasing
complexity
life
resulting
trade-offs
reflecting
ancestral
adaptations
changing
environments.
Three
evolutionary
traits
shape
CKD
over
lifespan:
1)
variation
nephron
number
at
birth,
2)
progressive
loss
with
aging,
and
3)
adaptive
growth
response
decreased
number.
Although
providing
plasticity
adaptation
environments,
cell
cycle
must
function
within
constraints
dictated
by
available
energy.
Prioritized
allocation
energy
through
placenta
can
restrict
fetal
nephrogenesis,
a
risk
factor
for
CKD.
Moreover,
aging
is
consequence
senescence,
pathway
accelerated
hypertrophy
that
maintains
metabolic
homeostasis
expense
increased
vulnerability
stressors.
Driven
reproductive
fitness,
natural
selection
operates
early
but
diminishes
thereafter,
leading
an
exponential
increase
product
antagonistic
pleiotropy.
A
deeper
understanding
on
may
lead
manipulation
balance
between
progenitor
renewal
differentiation,
regulation
modulation
proliferation
hypertrophy.
Application
perspective
enhance
maladaptation
nephrons
progression
CKD,
new
therapeutic
advances.
Introduction:
Cancer
is
a
global
health
challenge,
demanding
innovative
approaches
for
prevention,
diagnosis,
and
treatment.
Despite
ongoing
research
efforts,
finding
definitive
cure
cancer
remains
formidable
challenge.
In
response
to
these
challenges,
the
concept
of
integrative
oncology
has
gained
prominence,
aiming
combine
conventional
treatments
with
evidence-based
complementary
therapies.
Objective:
This
review
explores
integration
Siddha
medicine,
an
ancient
South
Indian
system,
modern
offer
holistic
care.
perspectives
on
cancer,
its
classifications,
etiopathogenesis,
diagnostic
methodologies,
treatment
modalities
are
thoroughly
analysed
in
comparison
approach.
Recent
medicines
demonstrating
anti-cancer
potential
also
being
reviewed
through
systematic
literature
analysis.
Methodology:
Analyses
various
texts
done
know
terminologies
categories
cancer.
Siddha's
methodologies
discussed,
emphasizing
balance
humours.
compiled
review.
Discussion:
The
manuscript
decodes
conceptual
framework
underlying
hallmarks,
aligning
Vatham,
Pitham,
Kabam
eight
hallmark
capabilities.
including
pulse
reading
urine
examination,
compared
techniques.
modalities,
rooted
herbal
formulations,
presented.
A
comprehensive
compilation
drugs
provided,
supported
by
in-vitro,
in-vivo,
clinical
studies.
Conclusion:
multifaceted
nature
necessitates
approach,
medicine
provides
unique
insights.
While
may
not
directly
align
diagnostics,
principles
contribute
valuably
discussions.
Integrating
into
mainstream
requires
scientific
rigor,
further
trials
validate
safety
efficacy.
fusion
wisdom
holds
promise
more
patient-centric
care
Journal of Biological Education,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 22
Published: May 28, 2024
Situated
expectancy-value
theory
(SEVT)
posits
that
students'
expectancies
for
success,
task
values,
and
perceived
costs
affect
their
performance
in
STEM
courses.
Less
is
known
about
how
majors
timing
of
course
completion
motivational
processes.
Using
the
SEVT
framework,
this
study
utilised
a
convergent
mixed
methods
approach
to
investigate
academic
motivation
among
students
(N
=
646)
who
enrolled
introductory
biology
at
large
public
university.
Survey
data
revealed
majoring
Biology
were
more
motivated
than
from
other
majors,
although
major
was
not
directly
associated
with
final
grade.
Upper-level
reported
significantly
lower
competence-related
beliefs
values
higher
effort
cost
compared
first-year
students.
also
earned
grades
Both
year
college
had
significant
indirect
effects
on
grades.
Interviews
31)
helped
explain
extend
quantitative
results.
This
demonstrates
understudied
factors
(i.e.
college)
are
important
predictors
gateway
identifies
themes
contribute
student
context.
Evolutionary Applications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(6)
Published: June 1, 2024
Given
the
multitude
of
challenges
Earth
is
facing,
sustainability
science
key
importance
to
our
continued
existence.
Evolution
fundamental
biological
process
underlying
origin
all
biodiversity.
This
phylogenetic
diversity
fosters
resilience
ecosystems
environmental
change,
and
provides
numerous
resources
society,
options
for
future.
Genetic
within
species
also
ability
populations
evolve
adapt
change.
Yet,
value
evolutionary
processes
consequences
their
impairment
have
not
generally
been
considered
in
research.
We
argue
that
evolution
important
concepts,
theory,
data,
methodological
approaches
used
biology
can,
crucial
ways,
contribute
achieving
UN
Sustainable
Development
Goals
(SDGs).
discuss
how
principles
are
relevant
understanding,
maintaining,
improving
Nature
Contributions
People
(NCP)
they
SDGs.
highlight
specific
applications
evolution,
biology's
diverse
toolbox,
grouped
into
four
major
routes
through
which
insights
can
impact
sustainability.
information
on
both
within-species
potential
among-species
necessary
predict
population,
community,
ecosystem
responses
global
change
make
informed
decisions
sustainable
production,
health,
well-being.
provide
examples
tools
developed
by
only
inspire
enhance
progress
trajectory
sustainability,
but
some
obstacles
hitherto
seem
impeded
an
efficient
uptake
research
actions
sustain
call
enhanced
collaboration
between
understand
integrating
these
disciplines
help
achieve
future
envisioned
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 21, 2024
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Evolutionary
psychiatry
is
a
rapidly
growing
field
that
emphasizes
the
value
of
evolutionary
explanations
for
traits
make
individuals
vulnerable
to
mental
disorders.
Some
articles
apply
theory
psychiatric
disorders
errors,
such
as
viewing
disease
if
it
an
adaptation.
We
assessed
quantity
errors
in
most
widely
cited
on
and
its
relationship
citation
frequency
Methods
Two
reviewers
searched
PubMed,
Web
Science,
Google
Scholar
September
8,
2023,
using
specific
search
terms
related
“evolution”
“psychiatry”,
order
find
highly
field.
Based
work
Nesse,
we
developed
measure
assessing
number
overall
quality
articles.
applied
20
articles,
calculated
correlations
between
article
with
citations.
Results
Twenty
mean
count
758.95
publication
year
range
from
1964
2011,
were
rated.
While
had
good
average,
they
also
made
important
errors.
There
was
no
significant
correlation
or
count.
Conclusion
Highly
demonstrated
strengths
but
exhibited
weaknesses.
The
lack
error
scores
rates
suggests
other
factors
influence
Future
research
should
focus
achieving
consensus
how
best
assess
what
be
avoided.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 26, 2024
Abstract
Antibiotic
resistance
in
biofilms
is
a
critical
challenge
driven
by
mechanisms
such
as
increased
oxidative
stress,
which
could
lead
to
enhanced
mutagenesis.
Experimental
evolution
studies
have
shown
that
biofilm
growth
fosters
antimicrobial
and
tolerance.
The
bactericidal
antibiotic
ciprofloxacin
(CIP)
exacerbates
enhancing
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
production
mutagenesis
at
sub-inhibitory
concentrations.
This
study
tests
the
hypothesis
antioxidants
(AOs)
N-acetyl-cysteine
(NAC),
Edaravone
(ED)
serve
anti-evolutionary
drugs
prevent
or
reduce
P.
aeruginosa
exposed
concentrations
of
(CIP),
with
Thiourea
(THU)
used
control.
In
vitro
experimental
using
monitor
strain
PAO1-mCherry-PCD-gfp
+
were
conducted
flow
cells
glass
beads
models.
harvested
populations
underwent
population
analysis
flow-cell
also
whole
genome
sequenced
(WGS).
results
showed
CIP-AO
combination
CIP-THU
fast
increase
mutagenic
both
confocal
laser
microscopy
reduction
percentage
nfxB
mutants
treated
all
three
combinations
compared
CIP
treatment
alone
following
24h
treatment.
revealed
significant
subpopulations
growing
on
0.5
mg/L
CIP-supplemented
plates
combined
treatments
populations.
WGS
CIP-specific
CIP-treated
including
nalC
mutations
not
observed
CIP-AO-treated
ones.
Flagellar
gene
appeared
CIP-ED
(fliG)
CIP-NAC
(flhA)
treatments.
Additionally,
wspA,
regulates
formation,
had
transversion
mutation
deletion
CIP-NAC.
minimum
inhibitory
(MICs)
level
for
isolates
was
significantly
higher
than
from
tested
models
beads.
Overall,
these
findings
suggest
two
clinical
may
potential
role
mitigating
development
biofilms.
