Physiological Resilience: What Is It and How Might It Be Trained?

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Physiological resilience has recently been recognized as an additional factor that influences endurance exercise performance. It thus incorporated into a modified, contemporary version of "the Joyner model" which acknowledges start-line values V̇O2max, efficiency or economy, and metabolic thresholds are prone to deterioration, often with appreciable interindividual variability, during prolonged exercise. The physiological underpinnings elusive sports physiologists presently concerned developing practical testing protocols reflect athlete's characteristics. is also important consider why some athletes more resilient than others whether can be enhanced-and, if so, training programs specific sessions might stimulate its development. While data scant, the available evidence suggests consistency accumulation relatively large volumes over longer-term (i.e., several years) promote resilience. inclusion regular within program, especially when these include bouts high-intensity at race pace above progressive increase in intensity face fatigue, represent effective means enhancing Finally, resistance training, heavy strength plyometric appears have positive effects on Considerations for resilience, alongside other established determinants performance, will likely long-term development successful athletes.

Language: Английский

---

Which Training Intensity Distribution Intervention will Produce the Greatest Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Athletes? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Zone 2 Intensity: A Critical Comparison of Individual Variability in Different Submaximal Exercise Intensity Boundaries

Translational Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Introduction: Endurance athletes often utilize low‐intensity training, commonly defined as Zone 2 (Z2) within a five‐zone intensity model, for its potential to enhance aerobic adaptations and metabolic efficiency. This study aimed at evaluating intra‐ interindividual variability of used Z2 markers assess their precision in reflecting physiological responses during training. Methods: Fifty cyclists (30 males 20 females) performed both an incremental ramp step test laboratory setting, which the power output, heart rate, blood lactate, ventilation, substrate utilization were measured. Results: Analysis revealed substantial markers, with coefficients variation (CV) ranging from 6% 29% across different parameters. Ventilatory Threshold 1 (VT ) maximal fat oxidation (Fat Max showed strong alignment, whereas fixed percentages HR max lactate thresholds exhibited wide individual differences. Discussion: Standardized Z2, such , offer practical simplicity but may inaccurately reflect responses, potentially affecting training outcomes. Given considerable variability, particularly high CVs, personalized prescriptions based on measurements VT Fat provide more accurate approach aligning intensities demands. highlights need individualized optimize endurance cyclists, accommodating differences profiles improving specificity.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Different Training Intensity Distributions on Endurance Capacity in Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

European Journal of Sport Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(5)

Published: April 8, 2025

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the effects of isocaloric polarized and threshold training intensity distribution on endurance capacity in breast prostate cancer survivors. A total 28 27 survivors were randomly assigned a (POL, n = (13 women), age 60 ± 8 years, peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) 23 mL·min −1 kg ), or group (ThT, (15 59 10 VO who completed two sessions per week cycle ergometer over 12 weeks. Exercise duration was adapted obtain equivalent energy expenditure both groups. Cardiopulmonary exercise verification tests performed determine , power output (PPO), ventilatory (VT 1 blood lactate thresholds (LT IAT)), maximal exhaustion. POL did not achieve planned rather pyramidal training. Pyramidal significantly ( p < 0.001) improved regarding (0.09 0.12 L·min PPO (27 17W), at VT (11 13W), 0.11 LT (7 12W), IAT (12 14W). No difference found between groups, but ThT required less time than described improvements (59 min/week vs. 76 11 min/week). Comparison distributions revealed no significant differences groups (Pyramidal: 170 43 kJ/session, ThT: 175 35 0.10). resulted comparable survivors, with requiring for these effects.

Language: Английский

---

Faster intervals, faster recoveries - intensified short VO2max running intervals are inferior to traditional long intervals in terms of time spent above 90% VO2max

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

High intensity interval training for improving maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is a fundamental component of specific preparation phases middle- and long-distance runners. In this context, short intervals are very popular in practice. The aim the present study was to determine whether increasing around aerobic speed (vVO2max), compared traditional long runs, leads greater time spent above 90% VO2max. 12 highly trained middle distance runners (7 males, 5 females) completed two VO2max sessions (4 × 3 min at 95% vVO2max, recovery: 50% vVO2max vs. 24 30 s 100% 55% vVO2max) on treadmill randomized order. Spiroergometric data, lactate accumulation, heart rate (HR) perceived exertion determined. This allowed recording HRmax. To analyze differences between sessions, paired t-test respectively Wilcoxon test, if data were not normally distributed, applied. significantly lower 30-s intervals, despite higher intensity, 3-min session (201.3 ± 268.4 327.9 146.8 s, p = 0.05, r 0.57). contrast, HRmax than (820 249 545 131 < 0.001, d 1.73). blood concentrations showed values (9.69 1.82 mmol/L) (7.59 2.01 mmol/L, 2.34). There no statistical difference rating (30-s session: 6.5 1.0 6.8 1.2; 0.26). that intensified inferior regarding Given observation an opposing trend HRmax, parameter should be interpreted with caution settings.

Language: Английский

---

Use of modern technologies in the performance analysis of an elite runner

Slovak Journal of Sport Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 61 - 73

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Modern technologies have become an indispensable tool in sports science, enabling a detailed analysis of performance parameters for elite and recreational athletes during selected activities or throughout entire training cycle. This study focuses on the data collected using Garmin application runner, specifically examining two key indicators: heart rate (HR) cadence/stride length half-marathon. aims to analyze these indicators, compare them with additional metrics, identify how they influence runner. Furthermore, it explores measured values can be utilized competitive preparation. Based analysis, proposes general recommendations applying insights gained from monitoring devices suggestions implementing process optimize both methods race strategies. The results highlight importance maintaining stable HR, which analyzed runner sustained at average approximately 175 bpm, as well ensuring appropriate cadence effective stride aligned runner's characteristics. These findings provide practical runners their coaches use available not only specific performances but also long-term processes. ultimate goal is maximize individual minimize risk overtraining.

Language: Английский

---

Training-Intensity Distribution, Volume, Periodization, and Performance in Elite Rowers: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Purpose: This study systematically reviewed the literature on elite rowers’ training-intensity distribution (TID), volume, periodization, physiological determinants, and performance characteristics. Methods: Three electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched using relevant terms. Studies investigating detailing training load (TID, periodization) reporting data determinants or in rowers included. Results: Nine studies (N = 82 participants) met inclusion criteria. Training volume varied between 10 31 h·wk –1 , typically being 14 20 . The pyramidal TID pattern, which involves a progressive reduction from zone 1 (intensity at below lactate threshold [LT1]) to 2 LT1 LT2, corresponding blood levels 4 mmol·L −1 ) 3 above LT2) was most commonly used by rowers. Flexible seasonal TIDs observed, whereby combined zones approached exceeded 20%, comprised more than 50%. associated with greater improvements performance. Elite employed traditional periodization model, progressively transitioning toward polarized model as they moved preparation competition phases. Conclusions: adopted variable volume. No evidence suggests that particular has significant advantage. Conversely, models do not seem differentiate adaptations rowing training, but specific percentages might.

Language: Английский

---

The Application of the Pyramidal Training Model for conditioning Thoroughbred horses

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105567 - 105567

Published: April 1, 2025

The purpose of this review was to analyze the scientific background and practical application a very successful human training methodology, pyramidal model, Thoroughbred racehorse. Despite years research accumulated knowledge on methods enhance endurance performance, programs have lacked significant change. This introduces explains science that underpins concept outlines one approach translate into equine field. It also discusses importance load provides insight monitoring psychophysiological stress level horse during training. use heart rate blood lactate responses exercise is encouraged guide sessions. These are best indices internal load, most accurate measure effort in horses. Applying information can help provide desired stimulus overall workload maximize performance.

Language: Английский

---

Trainings- und Athleten-Monitoring – Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 29

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

---

Performance Prediction Criteria Based on Yearling Training Cycle Data for World-Class Athletes’ Tiny 1000-Meter Kayak Teams: A Case Study

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 476 - 476

Published: March 16, 2025

This research aimed to identify optimal performance needs based on physiological tests of kayakers, revealing body adaptations and critical training periods within a yearly cycle. It sought develop selection protocols for teams provide evidence-based strategies future training. Methods: The male athletes underwent routine testing, considering medical limitations. A preparation year plan was established: six months preparation, one month the first competition, two further second competitor, transition. faced twelve at start each month. Results: certain intensity duration effort during preparatory cycles (approximately 22–42% in third zone, 24–28% fourth 3–4% fifth zone) were necessary achieve high level aerobic metabolism (64.00 69.40 mL·min−1·kg−1). Heart rate, work capacity ventilatory threshold, limit, maximum oxygen consumption all shown be vital indicators predicting competition results. Conclusions: identified physical development functional could aid forming team capable reaching an elite future.

Language: Английский

---