Adaptation to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Hindukush-Himalaya: A Review

Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 60 - 60

Published: March 17, 2025

This study examines adaptation strategies to mitigate the risks posed by Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, encompassing Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. GLOFs occur when water is suddenly released from glacial lakes they present significant threats communities, infrastructure, ecosystems high-altitude regions, particularly as climate change intensifies their frequencies severity. While there are many studies on changes lakes, GLOF scant. Also, these tend focus case-specific scenarios, leaving a gap comprehensive, region-wide analyses. review article aims fill that synthesizing adopted across HKH region. We conducted literature following several inclusion exclusion criteria reviewed 23 scholarly sources adaptation. qualitatively synthesized data categorized into two main types: structural non-structural. Structural measures include engineering solutions such lake-level control, channel modifications, flood defense designed reduce physical damage caused GLOFs. Non-structural community-based practices, economic diversification, awareness programs, improvements institutional governance, addressing social vulnerabilities. found Afghanistan remains underrepresented GLOF-related studies, with only one specifically focuses GLOFs, while Nepal Pakistan receive greater attention research. The findings underscore need for holistic, context-specific approach integrates both non-structural enhance resilience Policy-makers should prioritize development of sustainable mechanisms support long-term efforts, foster cross-border collaborations sharing coordinated risk management, ensure inclusive vulnerable communities. Practitioners strengthening early warning systems, expanding initiatives, integrating traditional knowledge modern scientific approaches local resilience. By adopting collaborative regionally approach, stakeholders can improve preparedness, socioeconomic impacts, build South Asia’s regions.

Language: Английский

---

Groundwater scenario under climate change and anthropogenic stress in Ladakh Himalaya, India

Journal of Water and Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 1459 - 1489

Published: March 8, 2024

ABSTRACT Climate change and human interventions over the past few decades have significantly affected groundwater resources in Ladakh Himalaya. Sparse or lack of suitable data knowledge gaps are a major challenge evaluating these impacts. Here, we synthesize available to assess status quantity, quality, withdrawal, contamination Leh district India. The study shows that glacier area has decreased by 40% whereas its volume reduced 25% since Little Ice Age (∼1650 AD). melt, which influences recharge, significantly. growth population 15% per year, expansion built-up 50%, changes socio-ecology further stressed groundwater. bore wells draft increased at ∼115 wells/year ∼7 MCM/year, respectively. increase development ∼26 times reserves. Hence, for sustainability resource, modeling managing impacts is urgently required. In this direction, paper provides guidelines researchers, policymakers, water users develop an integrative consortium management strategy sustainable utilization

Language: Английский

---

Human Health Risks Assessment of Toxic Metals via Water, Food, and Soil: A Case Study of Northern Areas (Ghizer and Gilgit) of Pakistan

Results in Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 103333 - 103333

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Prospecting High-Altitude Springs in the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan: Knowledge towards Policy Development

Groundwater for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101437 - 101437

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Climate Change on the Hydrological Regime of a Mountainous Catchment: A Case Study from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region

Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 28, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Climate change and household food security in the Himalayas: A systematic review of the challenges and household adaptative measures

Environmental Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 101019 - 101019

Published: June 7, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Hybrid analytic network process (ANP)-Entropy model, time series analysis for predicting nitrate and fluoride in groundwater and cumulative health risk assessment

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 428, P. 139316 - 139316

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

---

A review on temporal changes in the water quality of Leh Ladakh region (India): Impact of urbanization

Environmental Research and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 637 - 664

Published: June 2, 2024

Water is a valuable and limited resource in semi-arid regions like Ladakh. Effective management conservation of water are crucial to prevent negative consequences on the area's quality life. Since becoming Union territory, Leh, district Ladakh, has undergone rapid urbanization due its administrative status, air service facilities, tourism, increasing population. However, this tourism boom have resulted higher demand for decline quality. Glacial-fed primary source drinking agriculture As Ladakh become popular tourist destination, distribution been negatively affected. Construction hotels guest houses agricultural lands, could further harm Ladakh's fragile ecological environment. Due challenging terrain harsh conditions, there research region andare confined Leh only. Despite lack comprehensive information, review aims address three important questions: hydrochemistry resources, impact quality, existing gap significant areas resources. The objective establish fundamental data future contribute better understanding resources region.

Language: Английский

---

Bias correction and projection of temperature over the altitudes of the Upper Indus Basin under CMIP6 climate scenarios from 1985 to 2100

Journal of Water and Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 2490 - 2514

Published: June 21, 2023

Abstract The identification of projected changes in temperature caused by global warming at a fine-scale spatial resolution is great importance for the high-altitude glacier and snow covered Upper Indus Basin. This study used multimodel ensemble mean bias-correction technique which uses empirical mode decomposition method to correct bias seven CMIP6 GCMs outputs with reference European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5). bias-corrected data have nonlinear trend but interannual variance climate ERA5 dataset. dataset spans from 1985 2100 historical future scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585) daily time intervals 1 km grid resolution. result different indicates that increase maximum (Tmax) minimum (Tmin) ranging 1.5 5.4 °C 1.8 6.8 2015 2100, respectively. Similarly, elevation-dependent identified Tmin 1.7 7.0 elevations <2,000 6,000 m asl, while contrary relationship Tmax under 2100. provides an insight into how improve projections can be helpful further change impact studies.

Language: Английский

---

Assessing the impact of future climate scenarios on crop water requirements and agricultural water supply across different climatic zones of Pakistan

Frontiers in Earth Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

This study investigates the potential impacts of future climate change on crop water requirements (CWR) in different climatic zones Pakistan and subsequent implications for agricultural demand supply. Using latest CMIP6 projections, we focused Rabi Kharif seasons, which are crucial growth major crops Pakistan. An empirical climate-crop a hydrological model based Budyko theory were modified forced to project CWR changes widening demand-supply gap until 2,100. Our results indicate significant rise mean annual across all emissions scenarios, with increasing rates at 2.30–2.57 mm/yr under SSP585 1.0–1.26 SSP245. Both seasons show rising CWR, notably more (Kharif: 8%–14%, Rabi: 12%–15%) than SSP245 4%–7%, 6%–8%). The is expected grow notably, arid semi-arid being most affected. Compared 2015–2025, by 2091–2,100, increased 7%–15% (SSP245) 15%–28% (SSP585) 7%–13% 13%–32% Rabi. To address these challenges, recommend strategies like enhancing irrigation efficiency, adjusting patterns, developing heat-resilient crops. insights aim inform policy decisions agriculture management change.

Language: Английский

---