bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 13, 2023
Abstract
Cadmium
is
a
prominent
toxic
heavy
metal
that
contaminates
both
terrestrial
and
aquatic
environments.
Owing
to
its
high
biological
half-life
low
excretion
rates,
cadmium
causes
variety
of
adverse
outcomes.
Adverse
outcome
pathway
(AOP)
networks
were
envisioned
systematically
capture
toxicological
information
enable
risk
assessment
chemical
regulation.
Here,
we
leveraged
AOP-Wiki
integrated
heterogeneous
data
from
four
other
exposome-relevant
resources
build
the
first
AOP
network
relevant
for
inorganic
cadmium-induced
toxicity.
From
AOP-Wiki,
filtered
309
confidence
AOPs,
identified
312
key
events
(KEs)
associated
with
cadmium,
thereafter,
curated
30
AOPs
(cadmium-AOPs),
using
data-centric
approach.
By
constructing
undirected
network,
large
connected
component
18
cadmium-AOPs.
Further,
analyzed
directed
59
KEs
82
event
relationships
(KERs)
in
largest
graph-theoretic
approaches.
Subsequently,
mined
published
literature
artificial
intelligence-based
tools
provide
auxiliary
evidence
association
all
component.
Finally,
performed
case
studies
verify
rationality
toxicity
humans
species.
Overall,
cadmium-AOP
constructed
this
study
will
aid
ongoing
research
systems
toxicology
exposome.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Abstract
Unexpected
toxicity
has
become
a
significant
obstacle
to
drug
candidate
development,
accounting
for
30%
of
discovery
failures.
Traditional
assessment
through
animal
testing
is
costly
and
time‐consuming.
Big
data
artificial
intelligence
(AI),
especially
machine
learning
(ML),
are
robustly
contributing
innovation
progress
in
toxicology
research.
However,
the
optimal
AI
model
different
types
usually
varies,
making
it
essential
conduct
comparative
analyses
methods
across
domains.
The
diverse
sources
also
pose
challenges
researchers
focusing
on
specific
studies.
In
this
review,
10
categories
drug‐induced
examined,
summarizing
characteristics
applicable
ML
models,
including
both
predictive
interpretable
algorithms,
striking
balance
between
breadth
depth.
Key
databases
tools
used
prediction
highlighted,
toxicology,
chemical,
multi‐omics,
benchmark
databases,
organized
by
their
focus
function
clarify
roles
prediction.
Finally,
strategies
turn
into
opportunities
analyzed
discussed.
This
review
may
provide
with
valuable
reference
understanding
utilizing
available
resources
bridge
mechanistic
insights,
further
advance
application
drugs‐induced
Current Research in Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 100223 - 100223
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
The
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(U.S.
EPA)
is
mandated
to
develop
new
approach
methods
(NAMs)
detect
chemicals
risks
susceptible
populations,
including
effects
on
pregnant
women
and
their
offspring.
With
limited
hazard
information
available
for
current
chemicals,
NAMs
can
provide
greater
relevance
human
biology,
mechanistic
insight,
higher
testing
capacity
than
traditional
animal
models.
DevTox
Germ
Layer
Reporter
(GLR)
model
platform
was
recently
established
high-throughput
screening
prioritization
of
potential
developmental
hazards.
utilizes
the
RUES2-GLR
pluripotent
stem
cell
reporter
line
that
expresses
fluorescent
fusion
protein
biomarkers
SOX17
(endoderm),
Brachyury
(mesoderm),
SOX2
(ectoderm
pluripotency);
enabling
a
multi-lineage
readout
gastrulation
lineages.
GLR-Endo
assay
used
evaluate
chemical
differentiating
endoderm,
yielding
balanced
accuracy
(BA)
72%
against
training
set
43
toxicants
23
non-developmental
toxicants.
To
assess
predictivity
additional
early
embryonic
lineages,
assays
pluripotency
(DevTox
GLR-Pluri),
ectoderm
GLR-Ecto),
mesoderm
GLR-Meso)
were
developed.
Chemical
reference
(12
4
toxicants)
activity
each
revealed
BAs
92%
GLR-Pluri,
71%
GLR-Ecto,
58%
GLR-Meso.
Expanded
GLR-Pluri
with
63
yielded
75%
68%,
respectively.
Amongst
four
GLR
assays,
maintained
highest
degree
efficacy
overall
predictive
compound
evaluated
in
this
study.
Many
chemicals
found
in
the
environment
and
commerce
have
been
characterized
for
potential
hazards
by
using
vitro
screens.
Translating
concentrations
that
cause
bioactivity
into
real-world
exposures,
other
words,
vitro–in
vivo
extrapolation
(IVIVE),
requires
chemical-specific
parameters
mathematical
models.
An
administered
(for
example,
oral)
equivalent
dose
rate
(milligrams
per
kilogram
day)
causes
steady-state
human
plasma
(micromolar)
to
bioactive
can
be
derived
a
simple
IVIVE
equation.
Herein,
we
explain
how
this
equation
approximates
physiologically
based
toxicokinetic
(PBTK)
model.
Through
derivation
of
solution
PBTK
model,
show
relevant
flows
tissues.
We
then
extend
modifying
oral
exposure
model
include
gas
inhalation
exhalation.
Gas
exhalation
increases
clearance,
potentially
allowing
more
accurate
prediction
semivolatile
organic
chemicals.
The
revised
equations
also
allow
doses,
parts
million
concentration
would
concentrations.
comparison
an
new
developed,
describing
exhaled
doses.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 29, 2024
Abstract
Plastics
are
widespread
pollutants
found
in
atmospheric,
terrestrial
and
aquatic
ecosystems
due
to
their
extensive
usage
environmental
persistence.
Plastic
additives,
that
utilized
achieve
specific
functionality
plastics,
leach
into
the
environment
upon
plastic
degradation
pose
considerable
risk
ecological
human
health.
Limited
knowledge
concerning
presence
of
additives
throughout
life
cycle
has
hindered
effective
regulation,
thereby
posing
risks
product
safety.
In
this
study,
we
leveraged
adverse
outcome
pathway
(AOP)
framework
understand
mechanisms
underlying
additives-induced
toxicities.
We
first
identified
an
exhaustive
list
6470
from
chemicals
documented
be
plastics.
Next,
heterogenous
toxicogenomics
biological
endpoints
data
five
exposome-relevant
resources,
associations
between
1287
322
complete
high
quality
AOPs
within
AOP-Wiki.
Based
on
these
additive-AOP
associations,
constructed
a
stressor-centric
AOP
network,
wherein
stressors
categorized
10
priority
use
sectors
linked
27
disease
categories.
visualized
additives-AOP
network
for
each
made
them
available
dedicated
website:
https://cb.imsc.res.in/saopadditives/
.
Finally,
showed
utility
by
identifying
28
highly
relevant
associated
with
benzo[a]pyrene,
thereafter,
explored
toxicity
pathways
leading
respiratory
gastrointestinal
system
diseases
humans
developmental
disorders
species.
Overall,
will
enable
regulatory
assessment
contributing
towards
toxic-free
circular
economy
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Fish
acute
toxicity
testing
is
used
to
inform
environmental
hazard
assessment
of
chemicals.
In
silico
and
in
vitro
approaches
have
the
potential
reduce
number
fish
increase
efficiency
generating
data
for
assessing
ecological
hazards.
Here,
two
bioactivity
assays
were
adapted
use
high-throughput
chemical
screening.
First,
a
miniaturized
version
Organisation
Economic
Co-operation
Development
(OECD)
test
guideline
249
plate
reader-based
assay
RTgill-W1
cells
was
developed.
Second,
Cell
Painting
(CP)
along
with
an
imaging-based
cell
viability
assay.
Then,
225
chemicals
tested
each
Potencies
calls
from
reader
comparable.
The
CP
more
sensitive
than
either
that
it
detected
larger
as
bioactive,
phenotype
altering
concentrations
(PACs)
lower
decreased
viability.
An
disposition
(IVD)
model
accounted
sorption
plastic
over
time
applied
predict
freely
dissolved
PACs
compared
vivo
data.
Adjustment
using
IVD
modeling
improved
concordance
For
65
where
comparison
values
possible,
59%
adjusted
within
one
order
magnitude
lethal
50%
organisms.
protective
73%
This
combination
has
or
replace
testing.
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 1, 2025
The
generation
of
omics
data
sets
has
become
an
important
approach
in
modern
pharmacological
and
toxicological
research
as
it
can
provide
mechanistic
quantitative
information
on
a
large
scale.
Analyses
these
frequently
revealed
non-linear
dose-response
relationship
underscoring
the
importance
modeling
process
to
infer
biological
exposure
limits.
A
number
tools
have
been
developed
for
various
thresholds
defined
representation
effect
substance,
such
effective
concentrations
or
benchmark
doses
(BMD).
Here
we
present
DoseRider
easy-to-use
web
application
companion
R
package
linear
assessment
BMD
at
level
pathways
signatures
using
generalized
mixed
models.
This
allows
analyze
custom
provided
multi-omics
RNA
sequencing
metabolomics
its
annotation
collection
gene
from
species.
Moreover,
introduce
concept
trend
change
(TCDs)
numerical
descriptor
effects
derived
complex
curves.
usability
was
demonstrated
by
analyses
bisphenol
AF
(BPAF)
treatment
human
breast
cancer
cell
line
(MCF-7)
8
different
chemical
genetic
perturbations
(MSigDB).
BPAF
set
genes
upregulated
estrogen
0.2
µM
(95
%-CI
0.1-0.5
µM)
lowest
TCD
(TCD1)
0.003
0.0006-0.01
µM).
comprehensive
presentation
results
underlines
suitability
system
pharmacogenomics,
toxicogenomics,
applications
beyond.