Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) and Prepandemic Candidate Vaccines: State of the Art
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(15), P. 8550 - 8550
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Avian
influenza
virus
has
been
long
considered
the
main
threat
for
a
future
pandemic.
Among
possible
avian
subtypes,
A(H5N1)
clade
2.3.4.4b
is
becoming
enzootic
in
mammals,
representing
an
alarming
step
towards
In
particular,
genotype
B3.13
recently
caused
outbreak
US
dairy
cattle.
Since
pandemic
preparedness
largely
based
on
availability
of
prepandemic
candidate
vaccine
viruses,
this
review
we
will
summarize
current
status
enzootics,
and
challenges
H5
manufacturing
delivery.
Language: Английский
An emerging PB2-627 polymorphism increases the pandemic potential of avian influenza virus by breaking through ANP32 host restriction in mammalian and avian hosts
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 4, 2024
Abstract
Alterations
in
the
PB2-627
domain
could
substantially
increase
risk
of
an
avian
influenza
virus
(AIV)
pandemic.
So
far,
a
well-known
mammalian
mutation
PB2-E627K
has
not
been
maintained
AIV
poultry,
which
limits
spread
AIVs
from
to
humans.
Here,
we
discovered
variant,
PB2-627V,
combines
properties
avian-like
PB2-627E
and
human-like
PB2-627K,
overcoming
host
restrictions
posing
for
human
pandemics.
Specifically,
by
screening
global
PB2
sequences,
new
independent
cluster
with
PB2-627V
emerged
2010s,
is
prevalent
various
avian,
mammalian,
isolates
AIVs,
including
H9N2,
H7N9,
H3N8,
2.3.4.4b
H5N1,
other
subtypes.
And,
increasing
prevalence
poultry
accompanied
rise
infection
cases
this
variant.
Then
systematically
assessed
its
adaptation,
fitness,
transmissibility
across
three
subtypes
(H9N2,
H3N8)
different
models,
cells,
chickens,
mice,
ferrets
where
infections
naturally
occur.
We
found
that
facilitates
efficiently
infect
replicate
chickens
mice
utilizing
both
avian-
human-origin
ANP32A
proteins.
Importantly,
like
promotes
efficient
transmission
between
through
respiratory
droplets.
Deep
sequencing
passaged
chicken
samples
transmitted
ferret
indicates
remains
stable
two
distinct
hosts
high
potential
long-term
species.
Therefore,
ability
continue
spreading
among
can
also
overcome
barrier
birds
humans,
greatly
enhancing
likelihood
infecting
Given
escalating
it
crucial
closely
monitor
viruses
carrying
prevent
Language: Английский
Morphologic characterization and cytokine response of chicken bone-marrow derived dendritic cells to infection with high and low pathogenic avian influenza virus
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Aug. 30, 2024
Dendritic
cells
(DCs)
are
professional
antigen-presenting
cells,
which
key
components
of
the
immune
system
and
involved
in
early
responses.
DCs
specialized
capturing,
processing,
presenting
antigens
to
facilitate
interactions.
Chickens
infected
with
avian
influenza
virus
(AIV)
demonstrate
a
wide
range
clinical
symptoms,
based
on
pathogenicity
virus.
Low
pathogenic
(LPAI)
viruses
typically
induce
mild
signs,
whereas
high
(HPAI)
more
severe
disease,
can
lead
death.
For
this
study,
chicken
bone
marrow-derived
DC
(ckBM-DC)s
were
produced
low
H5N2
or
H7N3
subtypes
characterize
innate
responses,
study
effect
cell
morphologies,
evaluate
replication.
A
strong
proinflammatory
response
was
observed
at
8
hours
post
infection,
via
upregulation
interleukin-1β
stimulation
interferon
pathway.
Microscopically,
underwent
morphological
changes
from
classic
elongated
dendrites
general
rounded
shape
that
eventually
led
death
presence
scattered
cellular
debris.
Differences
onset
morphologic
between
H5
H7
subtypes.
Increases
viral
titers
demonstrated
both
HPAI
LPAI
capable
infecting
replicating
DCs.
The
increase
activation
may
be
indicative
dysregulated
seen
infections.
Language: Английский
Morphologic characterization and cytokine response of chicken bone-marrow derived dendritic cells to infection with high and low pathogenic avian influenza virus
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 8, 2024
Abstract
Dendritic
cells
(DCs)
are
professional
antigen-presenting
cells,
which
key
components
of
the
immune
system
and
involved
in
early
response.
DCs
specialized
capturing,
processing,
presenting
antigens
to
facilitate
interactions.
Chickens
infected
with
avian
influenza
virus
(AIV)
demonstrate
a
wide
range
clinical
symptoms,
based
on
pathogenicity
virus.
Low
pathogenic
(LPAI)
viruses
typically
induce
mild
signs,
whereas
high
(HPAI)
more
severe
disease,
can
lead
death
within
days.
For
this
study,
chicken
bone
marrow-derived
DC
(ckBM-DC)s
were
produced
low
H5N2
or
H7N3
subtypes
characterize
innate
responses,
study
effect
cell
morphology,
evaluate
replication.
A
strong
proinflammatory
response,
including
interleukin-1β,
stimulation
interferon
response
pathway
observed
at
8
hours
post
infection.
Microscopically,
underwent
morphological
changes
from
classic
elongated
dendrites
general
rounded
shape
that
eventually
presence
scattered
cellular
debris.
Differences
onset
morphologic
between
H5
H7
subtypes.
Increases
viral
titers
demonstrated
both
HPAI
LPAI
capable
infecting
replicating
DCs.
The
elevated
expression
may
be
indicative
dysregulation
seen
infections.
Language: Английский
In Silico Genomic Analysis of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Marine Seal Colonies
Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(11), P. 1009 - 1009
Published: Nov. 16, 2024
Genetically
diverse
avian
influenza
viruses
(AIVs)
are
maintained
in
wild
aquatic
birds
with
increasingly
frequent
spillover
into
mammals,
yet
these
represent
a
small
proportion
of
the
overall
detections.
The
isolation
AIVs
marine
including
seals,
has
been
reported
sporadically
over
last
45
years.
Prior
to
2016,
all
reports
detected
seals
were
low-pathogenicity
AIVs.
In
spite
this,
majority
AIV
outbreaks
caused
fatal
respiratory
diseases,
harbor
particularly
susceptible
infection.
H5
clade
2.3.4.4b
highly
pathogenic
(HPAIV)
was
for
first
time
2016.
Recently,
many
cases
mass
seal
die-offs
have
occurred
because
HPAIV
and
attributed
from
bird
species.
potential
seal-to-seal
transmission
considered
after
mortality
southern
elephant
off
coast
Argentina.
Close
contact
between
birds,
rapid
evolution
H5N1
AIVs,
possibility
efficient
mammal-to-mammal
increasing
concerns
due
establishment
mammal
reservoir
public
health
risks
associated
pandemic
virus.
This
manuscript
details
detection
population,
comparing
interesting
features
various
subtypes
an
emphasis
on
avian-to-mammal-to-mammal
transmission.
Phylogenetic
characterizations
representative
isolates
performed
demonstrate
relationships
within
different
virus
isolates.
Furthermore,
we
that
reassortment
events
LPAIVs
before
reached
population.
viral
segments
plays
important
role
viruses.
Taken
together,
data
report
year
history
Language: Английский