Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiling of staphylococcus species isolated from mastitic dairy cows in and around Bahir dar, Ethiopia

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 12, 2025

Mastitis is one of the primary causes economic and production losses in dairy cattle industry. Bacterial infections are most significant contributors to bovine mastitis, with Staphylococcus species among prevalent challenging pathogens. This issue especially severe low- middle-income countries, including Ethiopia, where a comprehensive understanding clinical subclinical mastitis remains poorly understood. particularly true regions surrounding Bahir Dar, data on genetic determinants virulence resistance causing notably lacking. The lack such molecular insights hampers development targeted therapeutic preventive strategies for managing region. Therefore, present study aimed investigate gene profiles antimicrobial (AMR) patterns isolated from mastitic cows around Ethiopia. A cross-sectional was conducted March 2023 December characteristics their mastitis. total 150 lactating 21 farms were included study, 600 milk samples collected four-quarters each cow. screened via California test physical examination. isolates identified single-plex PCR used detect genes. profile determined Kary-Bauer disk diffusion method. overall quarter-level incidence 19.83% (119/600). Among 119 mastitis-positive samples, 80 bacteriologically confirmed harbor eight different species, which chromogenes isolate (19%), followed by S. aureus, hyicus epidermidis (15%), hemolyticus (11%), simulans xylosus (10%), intermedius (5%). Seven distinct genes varying frequencies: Coa (35%), seb (33.33%), mecA (31.67%), icaD Hla (20%), Hlb sea (8.3%). observed all 8 respective percentages (S. (62.5, 37.5), aureus (44.44, 55.55), 44.44), 2 (22.22, (9.1, 9.1), intermidius (33.33, 33.33), simulance (16.67, 16.67) 16.67). Both detected same three (44.44; 22.22%), (42.5; 25%) (55.55; 22.22). exhibited highest proportion mecA-positive isolates, 6 out 9 (66.67%) carrying gene. All 100% resistant penicillin, except xylosus, remaining also tetracycline. MDR 6/9 (66.7%) (5/8; 62.5%) hemolyticus, (6/9; 66.7%) up seven classes antibiotics. lower frequency (both at 2/6; 33.33%), five emerged as dominant isolate. harbored two or more genes, nearly one-third gene, underscoring pathogenic potential Furthermore, this penicillin multidrug resistant.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal analysis reveals transitions in pathogens profiles associated with mastitis in dairy cows

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Mastitis is a multifactorial infection of the udder potentially caused by many pathogens varying severity and prevalence. They are one most common diseases on dairy farms. Limited information exists about interactions between in mastitis infections. The first aim this study was to investigate dynamics their associations microbiota. We then explored impact these risk, order gain better understanding disease. finally looked for factors influencing potential sources studied at farm level. To address objectives, two four-month longitudinal studies were conducted cows six farms Auvergne region France. Milk faeces collected from 33 cows, along with environmental samples (bedding milk filter). 16S DNA analysed, using commercial qPCR kit (PathoProof™) detect 15 mastitis-causing pathogens. data processed principal component analysis, Ward clustering method discrete-time Markov chain models. classified according distribution different compartments. Clustering analyses quarter revealed distinct profiles pathogen associated somatic cell counts cow recovery dynamics. According dynamics, C. bovis, though considered minor pathogen, S. uberis pivotal definition profiles, possible involvement non-aureus staphylococci.

Language: Английский

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Clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence in pasture-based dairy cows

New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: April 23, 2025

To estimate prevalence and incidence of intramammary infections (IMI) using herd test somatic cell counts (SCC) or quarter-level microbiology in a single pasture-based, seasonal calving dairy herd. Over four seasons (2010/11-2013/14) milk samples were collected for from quarters all cows at times; calving, MID1 (mean 116 (SD 21) days (DIM)), MID2 204 DIM), drying off (DO; mean 266 30) DIM). SCC was determined every 1-4 (median = 2) weeks. Quarters defined as having new IMI if bacterium isolated that not present the preceding sampling cow where one more had IMI. Cows high increased to ≥ 200,000 cells/mL. Binary logistic regression Poisson models used rate (IR) infections. Cow-level IR estimates bacteriology compared χ2 analyses, sensitivity specificity estimated IR, assuming gold standard. The with 12.7 (95% CI 12.3-13.1)% 10.7 10.2-11.1)%. unadjusted cow-level 2.2 2.0-2.4)/1,000 cow-days 0.82 0.71-0.95)/1,000 quarter-days risk. Prevalence associated DIM (p < 0.001), age season 0.001). agreement between based on 77.1% level highest mid-lactation. an increase 29.8% 88.9%, respectively. varied by season, DIM. While differed cow-level, microbiology, 77% suggesting utility cow-composite data mastitis monitoring tool. However, elevated only approximately 30% relative This study provides first pasture-based cows.Abbreviations: DIM: Days milk; DO: Dry Off; EMM: Estimated marginal mean; IMI: Intramammary infection; IR: Incidence rate; NAS: Non-aureus staphylococci; SCC: Somatic count; TAR: Time

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and diagnostic of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mammary infection

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Bovine mastitis is a major problem with huge economic losses in dairy farming worldwide. One of the most common pathogens Staphylococcus aureus , which highly contagious and often spread during milking. A sanitation herd can be challenging particularly terms diagnostics, because intermittent shedding milk. The observation longitudinal studies applied detection methods were reviewed this study. Categorization used to describe basic influence on sensitivity diagnostic each category. laboratory evaluated have wide range regarding limit (40 cfu/mL−10 6 cfu/mL). low essential for even chronically infected cows pathogen. literature overview shows that only few ( n = 6) examined occurrence milk at cow level. detection-free period ≤ 0.5–1 d was observed 3 studies.

Language: Английский

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Clonality, Virulence Genes, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Dairy Ruminants in Mastitic Milk-Associated Staphylococcus aureus in Sicily

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 188 - 188

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Background:Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing mastitis in dairy animals and represents a serious issue public health concern due to its resistance against multiple antimicrobials. Objectives: This study assessed 101 S. isolates obtained from quarter milk with subclinical Ragusa area (Sicily, Italy). Methods: Antibiotic nine antibiotics was evaluated using Kirby-Bauer method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were measured for oxacillin (OXA) vancomycin (VA). Additionally, genetically characterized through multiplex PCR identify presence spa, mecA, mecC, pvl, vanA, vanB, vanC genes, along pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The highest rates antibiotic found gentamicin (47.5%) erythromycin (29.7%), 86.1% strains exhibiting at least two antimicrobials 33.7% showing three antimicrobial classes. Furthermore, results indicated that genes not correlated phenotypic resistance, phylogenetic revealed varying profiles even within same PFGE cluster. Lastly, alongside new allelic profile ST 9471, MLST identified five additional STs clustered into CCs, CC5 originating human ancestral human-to-animal host transfers, making it dominant group. Conclusions: provided valuable insights regional trends, allowing identification significant antibiotic-resistant patterns offering an understanding bacterial dynamics these environments, underscoring importance routine surveillance farms.

Language: Английский

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Characteristic profiles of molecular types, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from caprine mastitis in China

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen in dairy animals, particularly when it infects the mammary gland; however, its prevalence among goats China remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate distribution and characteristics of S. isolates across China. A total 515 milk samples were collected from diagnosed with mastitis 14 provinces. These underwent bacterial isolation identification, capsular polysaccharides typing, spa antimicrobial susceptibility testing, assessment resistance virulence gene. The findings revealed 61 strains. highest rate was recorded 2018, at 20.4% (11 out 54 samples), while lowest noted 2023, 5.2% (3 58 samples). Among five regions studied, southern exhibited 17.5% (10 57 whereas northeastern showed 8.2% (8 97 Capsular polysaccharide type 5 emerged as most prevalent, accounting for 52.5%, t521 identified frequently, 19.7%. Notably, 52 (85.2%) demonstrated multidrug resistance, displaying three or more antibiotics. rates significantly high penicillin (95.1%), followed by enrofloxacin (82.0%), kanamycin (78.7%), levofloxacin (77.0%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 11.5%. Resistance varied different regions. Additionally, eight genes associated six classes antimicrobials detected, blaZ gene (93.4%) being prevalent 93.4%. Furthermore, nine virulence-associated identified, clfA common gene, present all isolates. In conclusion, multiresistant diverse patterns. Those profiles corresponding (p < 0.05) reported first time caprine mastitis. Sulfonamides could be prioritized preferentially treatment

Language: Английский

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Phage Endolysins as an Alternative Biocontrol Strategy for Pathogenic and Spoilage Microorganisms in the Food Industry

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 564 - 564

Published: April 14, 2025

Food contamination by pathogenic and spoilage bacteria causes approximately 47 million cases of foodborne diseases in the United States leads to tons food spoilage, worsening loss situation worldwide. In addition, conventional preservation treatments implemented industry decrease food’s nutritional organoleptic quality. Therefore, there is a need for new alternatives counteract without altering its characteristics. Endolysins are promising strategy due their unique properties, such as host specificity, synergism with other antibacterial agents, mode action, low probability resistance development. These characteristics differentiate them from agents used industry. enzymes produced bacteriophages during process bacterial infection lysis. This review describes advances related endolysin application systems food, considering potential safety an overview conditions according type be controlled. We also highlight studies on encapsulation prolongation action time outbreaks that allow obtaining key information improve endolysins different matrices processing storage

Language: Английский

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Formulating an Innovative Emulsion Based on Poloxamer 407 Containing Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils as Alternatives for the Control of Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Processes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2640 - 2640

Published: Nov. 23, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant challenge in human and veterinary medicine, primarily due to the overuse misuse of antimicrobial agents. This issue is especially problematic when treating bovine mastitis, prevalent infection dairy cattle often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We developed sterile emulsion incorporating essential oils (EOs) Origanum vulgare Thymus vulgaris, known for their properties. The formulation based on poloxamer 407 was designed intramammary or topical application teats. most promising subjected preliminary stability testing at various temperature conditions over 35-day period, during which its physicochemical characteristics, texture profile, film-forming capacity were assessed. In vitro assays used evaluate efficacy against both antimicrobial-sensitive -resistant S. aureus strains. Thymol identified as predominant bioactive compound EOs. formulation, containing 10% (w/w) EOs, exhibited activity all tested strains remained stable without phase separation. demonstrated properties along with satisfactory profile. These findings suggest that has potential an alternative therapeutic approach treatment antimicrobial-resistant infections highlighting natural compounds combating AMR. Further clinical studies are necessary confirm safety vivo.

Language: Английский

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The Microbial Diversity and Traceability Analysis of Raw Milk from Buffalo Farms at Different Management Ranks in Guangxi Province

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(24), P. 4080 - 4080

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

Farm management has a significant impact on microbial composition and may affect the quality of raw buffalo milk. This study involved diversity analysis traceability communities in milk from three farms at different ranks Guangxi Province, China. The its environmental sources were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing bioinformatics analysis. results demonstrated that significantly influenced milk, with primary contamination varying across farms. env.OPS_17 was predominant differential bacterium farm rank A, whereas Enterobacteriaceae, Aerococcaceae, Planococcaceae dominant B. Fast Expectation–Maximization for Microbial Source Tracking model revealed while varied ranks, teat liner consistently emerged as provides important insights into how highlighting importance improved practices during production, particularly cleaning milking equipment environment, these are key factors ensuring safety

Language: Английский

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