The Micro-food Web: Communities in Various Compositions of Composted Organic Matter

E3S Web of Conferences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 609, P. 01004 - 01004

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The micro-food web decomposer is the primary community of soil food responsible for organic matter transformation in terrestrial ecosystems, providing minerals plant growth. Their composition, however, depends on quality as their basal resource, which, turn, determines available nutrients soil. Our study examined over three different compositions, differentiated by carbon and total nitrogen contents. We compared communities composted that differed C to N proportion. Given percent, they were 40:40:20, 50:40:10, 60:30:10 high N, medium low respectively. After four weeks finished composting, samples obtained enumerated bacterial number, fungal biovolume, protozoan (amoebae, testate-amoebae, ciliate, flagellate), nematode abundances. data show a 20% change (high ratio) suggests an 82.47% decline abundance but 22.15% increase abundance. These findings emphasize importance Carbon Nitrogen content determining composition potential manage intended during composting process health improvement.

Language: Английский

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Short-Term Phosphorus Fertilization Alters Soil Fungal Community in Long-Term Phosphorus-Deprived Yellow Soil Paddy Fields

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 280 - 280

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Phosphorus (P) in soil is important the process by which microbial communities regulate enzyme activity. We aim to explore how short-term P fertilization affects composition and functionality of fungal community, offering insights into complex responses fungi fertilization. Soil samples from a long-term experiment with no were collected for pot experiments. The included four treatments: non-P fertilizer (NK), chemical (NPK), 1/2 organic + (MNP), (M). High-throughput sequencing was employed analyze composition, diversity, communities. Results showed that addition significantly increased Shannon Pielou e indices, increases 34.48%~59.00% 29.79%~53.19%, respectively. Ascomycota Basidiomycota most abundant phyla, whereas Cladosporium Emericellopsis genera. main factors affecting community total nitrogen (TN) matter (OM). A linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) indicated Mortierellomycota enriched under NPK treatment. FUNGuild revealed that, compared NK treatment, relative abundance Animal Pathogen–Endophyte–Lichen Parasite–Plant Pathogen–Wood Saprotroph reduced 67.54%, 46.93%, 44.10% NPK, MNP, M treatments, Plant Pathogen less than 1% MNP treatments. These results indicate nutrient levels diversity. Chemical improved structure yellow paddy soils, enhancing beneficial suppressing pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Wildfire Impacts Pinus tabulaeformis Forests on Soil Properties, Actinobacteriota, and Enzyme Activity in Northern China: Direct Effects or Mutual Interactions?

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 344 - 344

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Wildfires are significant disturbances that reshape soil ecosystems, impacting properties, microbial communities, and enzyme activities. In Pinus tabulaeformis forests in northern China, the effects of wildfire on health, particularly Actinobacteriota enzymatic functions, remain poorly understood. This study investigates both direct indirect fire severity these factors examines how fire-induced changes properties mediate responses. Our findings show significantly alters chemical including an increase pH a reduction organic carbon water content, under high severities. These directly impact with showing resilience light moderate intensities but declining severity, especially subsoil layers. Soil enzymes, such as urease protease, played crucial role mitigating negative impacts nutrient cycling. Their activity promoted availability, aiding ecosystem recovery, even intensity reduced overall fertility. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) further revealed relationships between Actinobacteriota, shaped by thermal complex interactions mediated moisture levels. underscores importance considering mutual activities post-fire recovery. The highlight while high-severity fires disrupt health dynamics, enzymes can help regulate enhancing cycling supporting stability. insights contribute to better understanding wildfire-induced degradation provide actionable strategies for restoration management fire-prone ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Spent Mushroom Substrate Improves Microbial Quantities and Enzymatic Activity in Soils of Different Farming Systems

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1521 - 1521

Published: July 24, 2024

Organic fertilizers, such as spent mushroom substrate (SMS), improve soil fertility, but studies comparing their effects on different agricultural soils are limited. In this study, the of standard, SMS and composed fertilizers from conventional-integrated, organic biodynamic farming were investigated. Soil samples analyzed for microorganisms activity β-glucosidase (β-GLU), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), urease (URE), arylamidase (ARN), phosphatase (PHOS), acid (PAC), alkaline (PAH) arylsulphatase (ARS). Biodynamic showed highest microbial counts enzyme activities, followed by conventional soils. significantly increased number especially in Seasonal variations affected all most enzymes soils, except NAG stable throughout year, indicating greater stability. This study concludes that activities respond differently to fertilization depending type, with demonstrating beneficial tested

Language: Английский

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Short-term organic fertilizer substitution increases sorghum yield by improving soil physicochemical characteristics and regulating microbial community structure

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic (organic substitution) has a positive impact on crop productivity and sustainable development. However, the effects of short-term substitution microbial community structure functions sorghum rhizosphere soil yield remain unclear. Herein, this study investigated physicochemical properties, enzyme activities using Metagenomic sequencing technology.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Organic Fertilizer Substitution and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Communities in an Apple Orchard

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2917 - 2917

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

To mitigate the issues of soil quality degradation and environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilizer use in apple orchards, present study investigated effects organic substitution combined with chemical nitrogen (N) reduction on nutrient status, enzyme activity, microbial communities (bacteria, fungi archaea) over one year an orchard. Five fertilization treatments were implemented, including 100% (CK), 80% + 20% liquid humic (S1), 60% 40% (S2), (S3), (S4). Substituting fertilizers effectively enhanced matter (SOM) content topsoil (0–20 cm) for all treatments. Compared to CK, amounts available N (NO3−-N NH4+-N) decreased total N, phosphorous increased subsoil (20–40 The β-diversity bacterial exhibited highest sensitivity changes, followed that archaea, whereas demonstrated least susceptibility. higher carbon/nitrogen ratio SOM S2 altered abundance microorganisms (Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, Crenarchaeota) closely related decomposition mineralization enhancing efficiency decomposition. activities sucrase (SUC), urease (UE), phosphatase increased, also promoting conversion improving fixation fertility. In (S1 S2), dominant Actinobacteriota, Ascomycota Crenarchaeota phyla as well SUC UE, accelerating top, reduced (S3 S4) bacteria fungi. addition, RDA showed potassium could significantly affect changes fungal community structure subsoil. Overall, nutrients improved retention. It is recommended promote (S4) supplementation findings provide a theoretical basis practical guidance orchard management achieving sustainable development industry.

Language: Английский

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