The Role of Genetic Resistance in Rice Disease Management

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 956 - 956

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a crucial staple crop for global food security, particularly in Asia. However, rice production faces significant challenges from various diseases that can cause substantial yield losses. This review explores the role of genetic resistance disease management, focusing on molecular mechanisms underlying plant–pathogen interactions and strategies developing resistant varieties. The paper discusses qualitative quantitative resistance, emphasizing importance (R) genes, defense-regulator trait loci (QTLs) conferring broad-spectrum resistance. Gene-for-gene relationships rice–pathogen are examined, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Magnaporthe oryzae. also covers recent advancements breeding techniques, including marker-assisted selection, engineering, genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas. These approaches offer promising avenues enhancing while maintaining potential. Understanding exploiting durable disease-resistant varieties, essential ensuring sustainable security face evolving pathogen threats changing environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Effect of the Aqueous Quercetin Solution on the Physiological Properties of Virginia Mallow (Ripariosida hermaphrodita) Grown Under Salt Stress Conditions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1233 - 1233

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

The current increase in energy demand, along with the deepening climate crisis, has led to need for alternative sources. One of these is cultivation crops. In turn, issues related problem soil salinization are an important aspect environmental protection on a global scale. New species and innovative solutions sought support effective crops, including saline areas. purpose study was evaluate effect foliar application aqueous quercetin solution applied different doses (1%, 3% 5%) physiological properties Virginia Mallow plants subjected salt stress conditions. experiment carried out as pot experiment. results obtained were two types treated control sample. one case, they grown addition alone, without stress. other group salt. Quercetin phenolic compound that plays biochemical role plants. Salinity caused significant decrease indices leaves. Foliar mitigated negative impact plants, most stimulating being demonstrated at dose 5.0%.

Language: Английский

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Plant Signaling Hormones and Transcription Factors: Key Regulators of Plant Responses to Growth, Development, and Stress

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1070 - 1070

Published: March 31, 2025

Plants constantly encounter a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect their growth, development, productivity. Phytohormones such as abscisic acid, jasmonic salicylic ethylene serve crucial regulators, integrating internal external signals to mediate stress responses while also coordinating key developmental processes, including seed germination, root shoot flowering, senescence. Transcription factors (TFs) WRKY, NAC, MYB, AP2/ERF play complementary roles by orchestrating complex transcriptional reprogramming, modulating stress-responsive genes, facilitating physiological adaptations. Recent advances have deepened our understanding hormonal networks transcription factor families, revealing intricate crosstalk in shaping plant resilience development. Additionally, the synthesis, transport, signaling these molecules, along with interactions pathways, emerged critical areas study. The integration cutting-edge biotechnological tools, CRISPR-mediated gene editing omics approaches, provides new opportunities fine-tune regulatory for enhanced crop resilience. By leveraging insights into regulation hormone signaling, advancements provide foundation developing stress-tolerant, high-yielding varieties tailored challenges climate change.

Language: Английский

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Plant Secondary Metabolites—Central Regulators Against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 276 - 276

Published: April 16, 2025

As global climates shift, plants are increasingly exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect their growth development, ultimately reducing agricultural productivity. To counter these stresses, produce secondary metabolites (SMs), which critical biochemical essential compounds serve as primary defense mechanisms. These diverse compounds, such alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic nitrogen/sulfur-containing act natural protectants against herbivores, pathogens, oxidative stress. Despite the well-documented protective roles of SMs, precise mechanisms by environmental factors modulate accumulation under different stress conditions not fully understood. This review provides comprehensive insights into recent advances in understanding functions SMs plant emphasizing regulatory networks biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we explored unique contributions individual SM classes responses while integrating findings across entire spectrum diversity, providing a resilience multiple conditions. Finally, highlight emerging strategies for harnessing improve crop through genetic engineering present novel solutions enhance sustainability changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Interactions of Fe and Zn Nanoparticles at Physiochemical, Biochemical, and Molecular Level in Horticultural Crops Under Salt Stress: A Review

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 442 - 442

Published: April 21, 2025

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects the growth and yield of horticultural crops. By raising levels sodium chlorine ions in plant cells, salinity disrupts various morphological, physiological, epigenetic, genetic traits, leading to excessive oxidative production. Through variety redox methods, plants can partially alleviate this disorder restore cell its initial state. At level, cellular adaptation plays potential role coping with all plants; however, if salt dose excessive, might not be able respond appropriately may even perish from stress. Scientists have proposed many solutions issue recent years. One newest most effective technologies enter field nanotechnology, which has produced some extremely impressive outcomes. However, molecular mechanism interaction between nanoparticles crops remains unclear. In order take step toward resolving current doubts for researchers field, we attempted conclude articles regarding how iron oxide (FeO-NPs) zinc (ZnO–NPs) could aid salt-stressed restoring function under saline conditions horticulture Further, different inoculation modes NPs mediated changes physiological attributes; biochemical expressions been discussed. This article also discussed limitations, risk, challenges food chain.

Language: Английский

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