The vomeronasal system of the wolf (Canis lupus signatus): The singularities of a wild canid

Journal of Anatomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 245(1), P. 109 - 136

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Wolves, akin to their fellow canids, extensively employ chemical signals for various aspects of communication, including territory maintenance, reproductive synchronisation and social hierarchy signalling. Pheromone-mediated communication operates unconsciously among individuals, serving as an innate sensory modality that regulates both physiology behaviour. Despite its crucial role in the life wolf, there is a lacuna comprehensive research on neuroanatomical physiological underpinnings within this species. This study investigates vomeronasal system (VNS) Iberian simultaneously probing potential alterations brought about by dog domestication. Our findings demonstrate presence fully functional VNS, vital pheromone-mediated wolf. While macroscopic similarities between VNS wolf domestic are discernible, notable microscopic differences emerge. These distinctions include neuronal clusters associated with epithelium organ (VNO) heightened degree differentiation accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Immunohistochemical analyses reveal expression two primary families receptors (V1R V2R) VNO. However, only V1R family expressed AOB. not yield profound insights into but also hint at how domestication might have altered neural configurations underpin species-specific behaviours. understanding holds implications development innovative strategies, such application semiochemicals population management, aligning contemporary conservation goals.

Language: Английский

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Male bluegill vary in color and behavior relative to their position in a lek

Frontiers in Ethology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Animals organize into social groups to increase collective fitness. These use behavior and morphological traits like color communicate status. Male bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus ) form breeding collectives during the reproductive months. However, whether these colonies generate resource-stratified hierarchies manage intrasexual competition is unknown. We hypothesize that territorial position within colony results in different body colors behavioral profiles. To test this hypothesis, we quantified patterns wild communities of using computer vision, scored lek occupying parental males, categorically classified as a function neighboring males. From data, show coloration vary with position, suggesting division labor construction maintenance grouped territories where courtship sexual selection take place. Collectively, data underline importance male-specific plasticity its impacts on organization.

Language: Английский

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Artificial olfactory systems: Mimicking the sense of smell

Comprehensive analytical chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The vomeronasal organ and incisive duct of harbor seals are modified to secrete acidic mucus into the nasal cavity

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 23, 2024

Abstract Most terrestrial mammals have a vomeronasal system to detect specific chemicals. The peripheral organ of this is (VNO) opening the incisive duct, and its primary integrative center an accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). VNO in seals thought be degenerated like whales manatees, unlike otariids, because absence AOB. However, olfaction plays pivotal roles seals, thus we conducted detailed morphological evaluation three harbor ( Phoca vitulina ). lumen was not found, duct did open into oral cavity but recognized as fossa on anteroventral side nasal cavity. This rich mucous glands that secrete acidic mucopolysaccharides, which might originate from glands. consisted only main received projections mucosa, AOB region evident. These findings clarified do some chemicals, corresponding specialized secretory organ.

Language: Английский

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Do fossorial water voles have a functional vomeronasal organ? A histological and immunohistochemical study

The Anatomical Record, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 307(8), P. 2912 - 2932

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

The fossorial water vole, Arvicola scherman, is an herbivorous rodent that causes significant agricultural damages. application of cairomones and alarm pheromones emerges as a promising sustainable method to improve its integrated management. These chemical signals would induce stress responses could interfere with the species regular reproductive cycles aversive reactions, steering them away from farmlands meadows. However, there paucity information regarding vole vomeronasal system, both in morphological foundations functionality, making it imperative understand same for communication pest control. This study fills existing gaps knowledge through immunohistochemical analysis organ. primarily microscopic, employing two approaches: histological, using serial sections stained various dyes (hematoxylin-eosin, Periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue, Nissl), immunohistochemical, applying markers provide morphofunctional structural information. procedures have confirmed presence functional system voles, characterized by high degree differentiation expression cellular indicative active this species.

Language: Английский

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Comparative morphology of the rhinarium and upper lip in sigmodontine rodents: Refined nomenclature, intertribal variation in a phylogenetic framework, and functional inferences

Journal of Morphology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 285(9)

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Rodents have received substantial attention in the study of olfaction. However, rhinarium, naked part nose, which plays an important role chemical, tactile, and thermal perception, has been relatively overlooked. This presents a comprehensive analysis rhinarium morphology spatially associated structures (i.e., upper lip, philtrum) sigmodontines, diverse group within Cricetidae rodents. The research covers 483 specimens representing 145 species, accounting for 74% genera clade, including all 13 recognized tribes, three incertae sedis genera, murid representatives Mus musculus Rattus norvegicus. inconsistent use terminology describing traits across literature poses challenge comparative analyzes. To address this issue, standardized was proposed to characterize rhinarium. A paired complex protuberance typically with epidermal ridges rhinoglyphics), termed here tubercle Hill, identified as distinctive feature muroid rhinaria. Comparative assessments among tribes revealed unique sets features defining each major encompassing variations hairiness, dorsum nasi complexity, size positioning other key attributes. Two primary configurations were discerned: one shared by Oryzomyalia Sigmodontini another specific Ichthyomyini. former groups display ventrally positioned prominently featuring Hill sculptured areola circularis. In contrast, Ichthyomyini exhibit frontally directed characterized enlarged fused resulting "cherry" appearance. Convergent observed fossorial well-developed plica alaris hair fringes, are presumed mitigate potential damage during digging. Conversely, semiaquatic carnivorous sigmodontines showcase integrated apical structure their facilitating enhanced somatosensory capabilities crucial predation activities diving expeditions.

Language: Английский

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First Immunohistochemical Demonstration of the Expression of a Type-2 Vomeronasal Receptor, V2R2, in Wild Canids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7291 - 7291

Published: July 2, 2024

The mammalian vomeronasal system enables the perception of chemical signals crucial for social communication via receptor families V1R and V2R. These receptors are linked with G-protein subunits, Gαi2 Gαo, respectively. Exploring evolutionary pathways V1Rs V2Rs across species remains a significant challenge, particularly when comparing genomic data emerging immunohistochemical evidence. Recent studies have revealed expression Gαo in neuroepithelium wild canids, including wolves foxes, contradicting predictions based on current annotations. Our study provides detailed evidence, mapping V2R sensory epithelium, focusing specifically foxes. An additional objective involves contrasting these findings those from domestic like dogs to highlight impacts domestication systems. employment specific antibody raised against mouse V2R2, member C-family receptors, V2Rs, has confirmed presence V2R2-immunoreactivity (V2R2-ir) fox wolf, but it lack dog. This may reflect impact regression VNS this species, contrast their counterparts, underscores effects artificial selection functions. Thus, suggest more refined detection capability species.

Language: Английский

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First Immunohistochemical Demonstration of the Expression of a Type-2 Vomeronasal Receptor, V2R, in Wild Canids

Published: March 18, 2024

The vomeronasal system serves as a pivotal element in mammalian sensory biology, allowing the perception of chemical signals essential for social communication via activation two main receptor families, V1R and V2R. expression V1Rs V2Rs is linked with that G-protein alpha-subunits, Gαi2 Gαo, respectively. exploration evolutionary pathways across all species remains challenge, juxtaposing available genomic data against emerging immunohistochemical evidence. However, recent investigations, contrast to what predicted by currently annotated sequences, have revealed Gαo neuroepithelium wild canids, including wolves foxes. In present study, employment specific antibody raised mouse V2R2, member C-family receptors, V2Rs, has confirmed this fox wolf, but it lack dog. This may reflect impact domestication on regression VNS species, their counterparts, underscores effects artificial selection functions. Thus, these findings suggest more refined detection capability species.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Anatomy of the Vomeronasal Organ (VNO) in Sheep (Ovis aries) and Dogs (Canis familiaris) with Simple Reference to its Histological Structure and Vasculature Supply

International Journal of Morphology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 374 - 381

Published: April 1, 2024

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is located in the anteroinferior part of nose and accessory olfactory mammals which responsible sense smell. This study aims to compare macro microanatomical structure VNO between sheep dogs. In current study, we used ten adult slaughtered synchronized dogs with different sexes ages 1-2 years. head both animals were preserved 10 % formalin for one week. shows animals, occupies same position cavity vomer bone relationship cranial nasal cavity. Furthermore, divided into three parts based on shape that are rostral, central, caudal part. results show has a (U) opened dorsolaterally. It small narrow long 6 cm long, it diameters its course. comparison, very developed (J) shape. large ends at fourth molar. Its length about cm, diameter receives blood supply from sphenopalatine palatine arteries. present main differences dog completely different. finding will illustrate fundamental provide specific structural two species.

Language: Английский

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A long-lasting gel-based diffuser of feline pheromone can help reduce undesirable behaviors in cats at home: comparison with an electric diffuser

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Using pheromone diffusers is part of the strategy to control stress-related behaviors in cats ( Felis catus ). The goal study was compare efficacy a novel long-acting, unpowered gel-based diffuser containing facial analog (Zenifel ® gel diffuser, Virbac) with similar electrically powered feline that already has proven efficacy, on situational stress cats, at home. involved 90 owners presenting undesirable receiving one or other: 46 received and 44 plug-in device refill, for 2-month duration. presence various checked regularly general score given rate their presence. most reported were related hypervigilance, seeking owner’s attention, hiding, excessive vocalization, inactivity, scratching. All six significantly improved over time Zenifel while only four reference product (no improvement meowing inactivity). as day 7 both groups, no difference between groups. More said they would use throughout year than (80% vs. 42%, p < 0.05). Therefore, can be used help home but more convenient year.

Language: Английский

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