Bacterial Infections in Sea Turtles

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 333 - 333

Published: May 6, 2023

Sea turtles are important for the maintenance of marine and beach ecosystems, but they seriously endangered due to factors mainly related human activities climate change such as pollution, temperature increase, predation. Infectious parasitic diseases may contribute reducing number sea turtles. Bacteria widespread in environments and, depending on species, act primary or opportunistic pathogens. Most them able infect other animal including humans, which can cause mild severe diseases. Therefore, direct indirect contact humans with turtles, their products, environment where live represent a One Health threat. Chlamydiae, Mycobacteria, Salmonellae known zoonotic agents animals, humans. However, bacteria that potentially zoonotic, those antimicrobially resistant, involved different pathologies

Language: Английский

---

Genomic insights into marine environment adaptation and conservation of the threatened olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)

iScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 111776 - 111776

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Sea turtles are marine flagship species and most of them currently in a threatened state. Long-term surviving the ocean has driven significant morphological physiological changes for this group, which makes an ideal model studying adaptive evolution environments. Herein, we present chromosome-scale genome Lepidochelys olivacea with size 2.22 Gb contig N50 97.3 Mb. Comparative genomic analyses uncovered suite genes related to olfaction, vision, virus defense, longevity, may help explain genetic underpinnings its environment adaptation. We also observed that genome-wide heterozygosity L. was low (6.45e-4), consistent prolonged population decline. Overall, our study provides valuable resources understanding evolutionary adaptations aquatic conservation species.

Language: Английский

---

Toll-like receptor 4 pathway evolutionary trajectory and functional emergence

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Introduction Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) recognize lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from bacteria as their conventional ligands and undergo downstream signaling to produce cytokines. They mediate the either by TIRAP-MyD88 complex or TRAM-TRIF complex. The MyD88 pathway is common all other TLRs, whereas largely exclusive TLR4. Here we study TIR domain of TRAM TRIF ortholog proteins that are crucial for signaling. Our previous work on pan-genome-wide survey, indicates Callorhincus milli be ancestral organism with both proteins. Methods To gain a deeper insight into protein function compare them Homo sapiens adaptor proteins, modeled docking TRAM–TRIF representative organisms across various taxa. These modeling experiments provide insights ascertain possible interaction surface calculate energetics electrostatic potential Furthermore, this enables us employ normal mode analysis (NMA) examine fluctuating, interacting, specific residue clusters could have role in functioning C. H. . We also performed molecular dynamics simulations these complexes cross-validated functionally important residues using network parameters. Results compared stoichiometry found tetrameric models (TRAM dimer) were more stable than trimeric model dimer monomer). While critical TIRAP, TRIF, preserved, not conserved Discussion This suggests presence functional TIRAP–MyD88-mediated TLR4 TRIF-mediated TLR3 species. overall biological appears gradually acquired through orchestration several motifs an evolutionary scale.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Dietary Supplement of Probiotic Enterococcus faecium on Intestinal Microbiota and Barrier Structure, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Soft‐Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

Aquaculture Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Enterococcus faecium inhabits animal gastrointestinal tracts and has been demonstrated to benefit livestock poultry, but its effects on soft‐shelled turtles remain unexplored. The present work investigates the of probiotic E. intestinal microbiota barrier structure, immune function, antioxidant capacity turtle. Twenty‐four juvenile Pelodiscus sinensis were divided into two groups: control (fed a basal diet) treatment diet supplemented with , 3.3 × 10 8 CFU/g feed), over period 6 weeks. We found that did not promote growth at feeding level, resulted in significant alterations microbial community increased abundance Romboutsia Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 reduction Aeromonas ( p < 0.05). notably enhanced villus height/crypt depth, width, density intestine. group exhibited 1.50‐fold increase goblet cells count 1.18‐fold higher muscular layer thickness compared group. also improved an ratio plasma neutrophils lymphocytes total number leukocytes after probiotics, upregulation levels toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR 4), lysozyme, interleukin 1 β (IL‐1 ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐ immunoglobulin A (IgA) intestine, as well level hepatic M (IgM). Additionally, supplementation boosted capabilities, including catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity reduced (GSH) intestine GSH spleen. Our study demonstrates beneficial supplemental overall health turtles, particularly enhancing their function capacity.

Language: Английский

---

Blood and cloacal microbiome profile of captive green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata): Water quality and conservation implications

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 375, P. 144223 - 144223

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

---

MHC Diversity Across Time and Space

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Most natural populations are genetically diverse. Understanding how diversity is maintained and distributed across time space can provide insights into the potential for evolution extinction of populations. Immunogenetic aids individuals in resisting infectious disease, with many studies linking resistance to genes encoding adaptive immune responses, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. The MHC particularly important advancing our understanding local processes host–parasite interactions. Here, we review emerging work theory exploring geographic temporal patterns wild they shaped by selective demographic processes. We discuss variation along latitudinal altitudinal gradients place this context Latitude Diversity Gradient Central Marginal Theories. emphasize often lower at edges species distributions, high‐latitude high‐altitude regions. also facing climate change. As change accelerates parasites spread, reduced immunogenetic could severely threaten wildlife populations, compromising their resilience long‐term survival. propose that including a larger database environmental parasite data would allow biologists test hypotheses regarding coevolution develop effective measures conservation.

Language: Английский

---

A longitudinal analysis of pathogen shedding patterns in confiscated eastern box turtles

Journal of Wildlife Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 4, 2025

Abstract Eastern box turtles ( Terrapene carolina ) have experienced population declines due to the illegal wildlife trade and its association with spread of infectious diseases, yet dynamics infections are not thoroughly described. In fall 2022, 17 confiscated eastern arrived at University Illinois after being intercepted from an initial 41.2% prevalence frog virus 3 (FV3). We housed individually tested them for FV3, herpesvirus 1 (TerHV1), turtle Mycoplasma sp. (BTMyco), adenovirus (TerAdv) via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on combined oral cloacal swabs monthly 13 months. used occupancy models determine unbiased pathogen detection probabilities infected turtles. No positive FV3 testing. Observed values were within 10% estimates; however, probability detecting pathogens in during a given month was generally low (TerHV1 = 32.7%, TerAdv 21.2%, BTMyco 49.9%). Turtles intermittently co‐detected both TerHV1 n 7), 10), 6). co‐detections, presence decreased other pathogens. Of 2 that died, gross histologic findings included nephritis turtles, one which had severe inflammation, large coelomic hematoma. This study provides evidence‐based sampling strategies maximize individuals common The best rate includes BTMyco, TerHV1, TerAdv, but if longer, every third should be optimal detection. These implications design interpretation research studies clinical management managed care can inform placement release decisions confiscation events.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Sample Storage Conditions and Individual Characteristics on Innate Immune Assays in Box Turtles

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 19, 2025

ABSTRACT Immune assays are increasingly being used to study immunity in wild animals, with applications ecology, evolution, and conservation. However, the use of immune is hindered by limited taxonomic breadth studies that validate non‐model organisms understanding variables can affect assay results. While freezing blood samples field for later laboratory analysis a common practice, effect storage conditions on viability unclear. In this study, we evaluated plasma (refrigerated or frozen) results two (bacterial killing [BKA] hemagglutination) eastern box turtles ( Terrapene carolina ), declining species threatened disease. We concurrently tested how individual identity phenotypic environmental influenced found 3–17 days produced more repeatable BKA than refrigerating up 3 days, without significantly affecting average performance. performance was reduced after holding frozen 3–4 months. Additionally, there no significant difference hemagglutination between refrigerated samples. Furthermore, males general had higher but lower bacterial ability females. At an level, differences activity, measures were generally correlated each other. Our findings indicate 2 weeks appropriate both T. c. , may extend related species. sex within particular assays, future work should evaluate other

Language: Английский

---

Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 21, 2023

Chelonia mydas (green turtles) are being threatened worldwide by fibropapillomatosis (FP), which has seriously affected their survival. The presence of FP on the body surface and visceral organs green turtles found dead was confirmed, causing obstruction gastrointestinal tract, changes in foraging behavior, reduction functions. etiology not yet been elucidated, previous research generally considers that occurrence is related to chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), associated with low animal immunity, also marine environmental factors, such as poor water quality eutrophication. However, there no evaluation induction pathogenesis turtle. In this study, we evaluated blood samples from without using de novo transcriptome assembly. Results indicated 3,090 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) ( p &lt; 0.05) were identified, including 1,357 upregulated 1,733 downregulated or FP. We observed DEGs, significantly upregulated, cancer development, namely, MAPK1IP1L APAF1 . Furthermore, infected turtle greater number DEGs contributed NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, can be activated through an endocytosis viral particle immune system cells, Wnt believed have played a role tumorigenesis. validated more upregulated/downregulated development immunization, LEF1 , BTRC FOSL1 participating well ERBIN TRAF6 NFKB1 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Altogether, study provided some potential markers during infection further evidence endangered Taiwan.

Language: Английский

---

Genomic and transcriptome insight into the structure and immunity role of TRIM proteins in Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---