Stressors Inherent to Beef Cattle Management in the United States of America and the Resulting Impacts on Production Sustainability: A Review

Ruminants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 227 - 240

Published: May 8, 2024

Stressors are directly related to major events throughout the beef cattle production cycle. Understanding impact stressors have on productive outcomes is critical for efficient implementation of management strategies. Such include environmental extremes, nutritional deprivation, and common procedures. Environmental extremes such as thermal stress can disturb gestating cows’ normal physiological responses, hindering reproductive efficiency. Thermal during breeding season affect embryo development causing a decrease in conception rates, although adjusting scheduling activities minimize losses. Additionally, suboptimal nutrition may negatively performance if strategies including modifying seasonal grazing practices not implemented. As gestation progresses, nutrient requirements increase; thus, without appropriate dietary management, poor calf performance, loss body condition score, reduced result. While weaning procedure, this event another within system. Applying creep feeding or two-step mitigate maximize This review will explore in-depth associated with industry give insight into researched targeting these that improve sustainability

Language: Английский

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Mitigating Cold Stress in Livestock by Nutritional Interventions: A Comprehensive Review

Indian Journal of Animal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Of

Published: March 1, 2024

Climate change has been the major threat to livestock systems sustainability globally. This climate provoked many stressors, for instance, cold, heat, humidity, rain, ice and wind, that can directly or indirectly exert influence on endocrine system impact performance of an animal including their production potential, reproductive regular estrous cycle. Also, environmental stressors contribute amenability animals infections; it is therefore, vital understand how alter animal’s adaptive capacity efficient methods in coping stress. review aims at scientific evidences regarding challenges due cold stress its potential mitigation by nutritional interventions. The amongst most which adversely affect as well growth animals. Under animals’ dietary intake increases, but declines, furthermore, also culminate physiological fluctuations, behavioral shift, tissue intestinal impairment soaring death rate. Maintenance thermoneutral zone important, otherwise any deviation from proves life threatening. So, cut back economic losses timely course action must be taken prevent damages ascribed stressor. To maintain along with profitability, thus recommended adapt feeding regimens incorporate feed supplements (especially vitamins minerals) combat devastating effects

Language: Английский

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Analysis of the Drinking Behavior of Beef Cattle Using Computer Vision

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 2984 - 2984

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Monitoring the drinking behavior of animals can provide important information for livestock farming, including health and well-being animals. Measuring time is labor-demanding and, thus, it still a challenge in most production systems. Computer vision technology using low-cost camera system be useful overcoming this issue. The aim research was to develop computer monitoring beef cattle behavior. A data acquisition system, an RGB ultrasonic sensor, developed record actions. We algorithm tracking cattle’s key body parts, such as head–ear–neck position, state-of-the-art deep learning architecture DeepLabCut. extracted points were analyzed long short-term memory (LSTM) model classify non-drinking periods. total 70 videos used train test 8 validation purposes. During testing, achieved 97.35% accuracy. results study will guide us meet immediate needs expand farmers’ capability animal by identifying

Language: Английский

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Heating Drinking Water in Cold Season Improves Growth Performance via Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Rumen Fermentation Function of Beef Cattle

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1492 - 1492

Published: July 26, 2023

The research aimed to investigate the suitable drinking water temperature in winter and its effect on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, rumen fermentation function of beef cattle. A total 40 cattle (640 ± 19.2 kg) were randomly divided into five treatments with eight each treatment raised one pen according initial body weight. Each differed only water, including room-temperature four different heat groups named RTW, HW_1, HW_2, HW_3, HW_4. measured temperatures 4.39 2.546 °C, 10.6 1.29 18.6 1.52 26.3 1.70 32.5 2.62 respectively. average daily gain (ADG) showed a significant linear increase during d 0 60 quadratic 31 rising (p < 0.05), highest ADG 1.1911 kg/d was calculated at 23.98 °C (R2 = 0.898). rectal 30 0.01) neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased linearly increasing temperature. Additionally, HW_2 reduced serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, malondialdehyde capacity 0.05) compared RTW. Compared RTW had unfavorable effects ruminal propionate, volatile fatty acids, cellulase concentrations lower relative mRNA expression levels claudin-4 0.01), occludin 0.02), zonula occludens-1 epithelium. Furthermore, higher abundance Prevotella 0.04), Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 0.03), Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 Bifidobacteriaceae Marinilabiliaceae HW_2. Taken together, heated cold climates could positively impact nutrient digestibility, optimal for maximizing be under our conditions. Ruminal propionate producing bacteria Prevotella, Succinivibrionaceae, Lachnospiraceae might important regulators

Language: Английский

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Effect of continuous or intermittent feeding of ergot contaminated grain in a mash or pelleted form on the performance and health of feedlot beef steers

Journal of Animal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of feeding ergot contaminated grain continuously or intermittently through backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FN) in a mash pelleted supplement on growth performance, health welfare parameters, carcass characteristics feedlot beef steers. Sixty black Angus steers (300 ± 29.4 kg BW) were used complete randomized 238-d study. Steers stratified by weight randomly assigned to four different diets (15 steers/treatment) individually housed. Treatments included: (1) control [CON; no added alkaloids (EA)], (2) continuous (CEM; fed at 2 mg total EA/kg DM), (3) intermittent (IEM; DM, during first week each 21-d period CON for remaining wk, this pattern was repeated period), (4) pellet (IEP; DM as wk described IEM). barley based BG containing 40% concentrate:60% silage (DM basis) 84 d (four periods), transitioned over 28 (no fed) an FN diet (90% concentrate:10% 126 (six periods) before slaughter. In phase, steer DMI (P &lt; 0.01, 7.45 vs. 8.05 kg/d) ADG 0.01) reduced all EA compared CON. The CEM had lower 0.735 0.980 kg) shrunk final BW 350 366 than gain:feed 0.07, 0.130 0.142) 9.95 11.05 = 0.04) also decreased Total gain 0.03, 202.5 225.2 kg), 617.9 662.2 0.06) percentage AAA carcasses 46.7 93.3%) increased rectal temperatures 39.8 39.4 °C) Pelleting did not reduce impact any measured parameters FN. Continuously (2 DM) significantly intake, weight, with minimal blood effective method reducing toxicity.

Language: Английский

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Associations between Climate Variability and Livestock Production in Botswana: A Vector Autoregression with Exogenous Variables (VARX) Analysis

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 363 - 363

Published: March 16, 2024

The changing climate has a serious bearing on agriculture, particularly livestock production in Botswana. Therefore, studying the relationship between and livestock, which at present is largely missing, necessary for proper formulation of government policy interventions. This critical promoting adoption relevant mitigation strategies by farmers, thereby increasing resilience. aim this research to establish associations variability Botswana national level. paper employs time series data from 1970 2020 Vector Autoregression with Exogenous Variables (VARX) model statistical analysis. trend shows that both cattle goat populations are decreasing. VARX results reveal negatively associated maximum temperatures. Cattle respond increased minimum temperatures as well, while goats tend positively, implying species react differently climatic conditions due their distinct features. roots companion matrix meet stability condition all eigenvalues lie inside unit circle. study recommends further intervention deal temperatures, addressing dwindling cattle, have significant contributions household economies smallholders economy, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Transition milk or milk replacer powder as waste milk supplements to cold-stressed neonatal Holstein dairy calves: Effects on performance, feeding behavior, and health

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. e0305227 - e0305227

Published: June 25, 2024

Young calves are more susceptible to cold than older animals due their limited ability regulate body temperature and lack of fat reserves may have difficulty consuming the energy needed cope with by maintaining meeting metabolic needs, especially when fed constant levels waste milk (WM) less solids, which can be detrimental health future performance. An alternative overcome this problem is increasing milk’s solids content existing volume using different sources [milk replacer powder (MR) or transition (TM)]. Thus, we aimed evaluate effects total WM via MR (WM+MR) TM (WM+TM) on performance, feeding behavior, health-related variables cold-stressed dairy during pre- post-weaning. We hypothesized that supplemented as potential liquid feed enhancers would improve dry matter intake a positive impact development no negative behavior health. Additionally, not differ from TM. As sample size calculation at 80% power analysis (PROC POWER) in SAS 9.4, 51 Holstein-Friesian vigorous male [vigor score 21–27; 17 per treatment; 4-d old; weight (BW) = 40.0 ± 0.63 kg (mean SD)] were selected, assigned randomly treatments, housed individual pens an outdoor barn. Irrespective type treatment, all 6 kg/d d 1 53 experiment. In step-down weaning program, received 0.5 54 60. All weaned 61 remained study until 101 post-weaning evaluation. The had ad libitum access starter fresh drinking water across Intake, growth, data analyzed general linear mixed model logistic regression, survival models SAS. found supplementation was responsible for greater (DMI; P 0.004), superior average BW ( 0.037), increased crude protein (CP; 0.001) (CF; intakes, most favorable outcomes observed WM+TM group compared WM+MR. Animals (control group; CON) showed smaller daily gain first 40-d life 0.026), showing slight changes whole period evaluation groups (SUP; WM+MR WM+TM). No difference between MR- TM-SUP groups, probability having abnormal appearance 0.032) pneumonia occurrence 0.022) reduced SUP CON animals, effect diarrhea among treatment 0.461). Using supplements added intake, young under stress. Our findings outperformed terms DMI, BW, CP CF, displaying outcomes. Moreover, demonstrated odds experiencing pneumonia, highlighting calf

Language: Английский

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Assessing Economic Viability of Resilient Sheep Foraging Alternatives in Lowland Regions of Romania

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1656 - 1656

Published: Sept. 22, 2024

Sheep farming is an important branch of the animal husbandry sector in Europe. In 2023, Romania’s sheep and goat herds ranked third European Union, with more than 10 million heads, contributing substantially to production meat, traditional cheeses, wool. However, current climate context, extreme weather events especially long periods drought, providing optimal fodder ratio becomes a challenge for farmers. As nutritionists provide valid alternatives, consistent nutritional requirements species, present work aims some economically efficient alternatives use milk farms different sizes. The study brings added value research field using nutrition through economic aspects researched because profitability pursued any activity, thus completing technical arguments previous studies literature field. Several indicators were calculated, such as total by categories expenses, production, level profit, rate gross net return. analysis demonstrated that regardless their size, located lowland areas can reach positive values when alternative feeding.

Language: Английский

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Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in Post-Weaning Calves with Different Prevention Strategies and the Impact on Performance and Health Status

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 2807 - 2807

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Our study aimed to compare Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) morbidity, mortality, and growth in dairy beef cross-bred calves during the commingle period, 81-120 days of age, using two different BRD prevention strategies. The (n = 1799) were randomly assigned into groups: (1) Control (CON; received no vaccine or metaphylaxis); (2) Tulathromycin metaphylaxis (TUL; Increxxa

Language: Английский

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Changes in Climate and Their Implications for Cattle Nutrition and Management

Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 1 - 1

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Climate change is a global challenge that impacts rangeland and pastureland landscapes by inducing shifts in temperature variability, precipitation patterns, extreme weather events. These changes alter soil plant conditions, reducing forage availability chemical composition leading to nutritional stress cattle. This occurs when animals lack adequate water feed sources or these resources are insufficient quantity, composition, nutrient balance. Several strategies essential address impacts. Genetic selection, epigenetic biomarkers, exploration of memories present promising avenues for enhancing the resilience cattle populations improving adaptation environmental stresses. Remote sensing GIS technologies assist locating wet spots establish islands diversity high quality grazing amid ongoing climate challenges. Establishing functional improves quality, reduces carbon nitrogen footprints, provides nutrients bioactives, thus health, welfare, productivity. Real-time GPS collars coupled with accelerometers provide detailed data on movement activity, aiding livestock nutrition management while mitigating heat stress. Integrating may offer significant advantages facing changing world securing future production food system.

Language: Английский

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