Interplay of swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus and the host intrinsic and innate immunity

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), a novel HKU2-related of bat origin, is newly emerged swine enteropathogenic that causes severe in piglets. SADS-CoV has broad cell tropism with the capability to infect wide variety cells from human and diverse animals, which implicates its ability hold high risks cross-species transmission. The intracellular antiviral immunity, comprised intrinsic innate represents first line host defence against viral infection prior onset adaptive immunity. To date, there are no vaccines drugs approved prevent or treat infection. Understanding mutual relationship between immunity crucial for development SADS-CoV. Here, we review recent advancements our understanding interplay extensive in-depth investigation on their interactive will contribute identification new targets developing intervention strategies control

Language: Английский

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Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus: An Overview of Virus Structure and Virus–Host Interactions

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 149 - 149

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

SADS-CoV, a recently identified Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2-associated swine coronavirus, is malignant pathogen that causes acute diarrhea, severe and weight loss in infected piglets. The virus was first detected Guangdong Province, China, 2017 has since been observed Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi Provinces. In 2023, the Henan inland China. This can infect various cell lines, including human showing significant potential for cross-species transmission posing possible zoonotic threat. However, molecular biology of SADS-CoV remains largely unknown, there are no commercially available therapeutics or vaccines to prevent infection. this review, an update on progress research provided, with focus history outbreaks, characteristics virus, its interactions host, developments vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Recombinant porcine interferon delta 8 inhibits swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus infection in vitro and in vivo

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: July 24, 2024

Abstract Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), which originates from zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses in the HKU2 lineage, causes severe illness pigs and carries a high risk spreading to humans. At present, there are no licenced therapeutics for treatment SADS-CoV. In this study, we examined effectiveness recombinant porcine interferon delta 8 (IFN-δ8) against SADS-CoV both vitro vivo. experiments showed that IFN-δ8 inhibited proliferation concentration-dependent manner, with complete inhibition occurring at concentration 5 μg/mL. vivo demonstrated two 50 μg/kg doses injected intraperitoneally protected piglets lethal challenge, blocked viral shedding, attenuated intestinal damage, decreased load jejunum ileum. Further findings suggested infection by increasing expression IFN-stimulated genes. These results indicate shows promise as biological macromolecule drug infection.

Language: Английский

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Identification and Characterization of an Alphacoronavirus in Rhinolophus sinicus and a Betacoronavirus in Apodemus ilex in Yunnan, China

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1490 - 1490

Published: July 21, 2024

Coronaviruses (CoVs), the largest positive-sense RNA viruses, have caused infections in both humans and animals. The cross-species transmission of CoVs poses a serious threat to public health. Rodents bats, two orders mammals, serve as significant natural reservoirs for CoVs. It is important monitor carried by bats rodents. In this study, we collected 410 fecal samples from 74 intestinal rats Yunnan Province, China. Using RT-PCR, identified one positive sample alphacoronavirus (TC-14) Rhinolophus sinicus (Chinese rufous horseshoe bat) betacoronavirus (GS-53, GS-56) Apodemus ilex (Rodentia: Muridae). We successfully characterized complete genomes TC-14 GS-56. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that clustered with bat CoV HKU2 SADS-CoV, while GS-56 was closely related rat HKU24. identification selection sites estimation divergence dates further helped characterize genetic evolution summary, research reveals characteristics GS-56, providing valuable references study rodents Province.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Relationships of Unclassified Coronaviruses in Canadian Bat Species

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1878 - 1878

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Bats are recognized as natural reservoirs for an array of diverse viruses, particularly coronaviruses, which have been linked to major human diseases like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These viruses believed originated in bats, highlighting their role virus ecology evolution. Our study focuses on the molecular characterization bat-derived coronaviruses (CoVs) Canada. Tissue samples from 500 bat specimens collected Canada were analyzed using pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assays detect presence CoVs four genera: Alpha-CoVs, Beta-CoV, Gamma-CoV, Delta-CoV. Phylogenetic analysis was performed targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene. results showed overall 1.4% CoV positivity rate our sample size. based ~600 bp sequences led identification unclassified subgenus Alpha-CoV, provisionally named Eptacovirus. The findings contribute a better understanding diversity evolution found species current underscores significance bats epidemiology enhances knowledge genetic potential impact global public health.

Language: Английский

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