Superoxide Anion Chemistry—Its Role at the Core of the Innate Immunity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 1841 - 1841

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Classically, superoxide anion O

Language: Английский

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Oral Metal‐Free Melanin Nanozymes for Natural and Durable Targeted Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Small, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(19)

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Oral antioxidant nanozymes bring great promise for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. To efficiently eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), various metal-based have been developed the treatment of IBD but their practical applications are seriously impaired by unstable ROS-eliminating properties and potential metal ion leakage in digestive tract. Here, authors first time propose metal-free melanin (MeNPs) with excellent gastrointestinal stability biocompatibility as a favorable therapy strategy IBD. Moreover, MeNPs extremely natural long-lasting characteristics targeting lesions. In view dominant role ROS IBD, further reveal that oral administration can greatly alleviate six major pathological features IBD: oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis, inflammation, gut barrier disruption, dysbiosis. Overall, this highlights clinical application prospects via harnessing scavenging at lesions, offering paradigm nanozyme or other diseases.

Language: Английский

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Macrophage polarization in inflammatory bowel disease

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Abstract The growing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has encouraged research efforts, which have contributed to gradual improvements in our understanding IBD diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. pathogenesis not been fully elucidated; however, the combined actions environmental, genetic, immune factors, microbial organisms are believed cause IBD. In innate system, macrophages play important roles maintaining intestinal health development Macrophages can be polarized from M0 into several phenotypes, among M1 M2 critical repair homeostasis damage. Certain macrophage-related studies already exist; functions each phenotype elucidated. As technology develops, link between increased, including knowledge developmental origins their performance comprehensive functions. This review describes macrophage polarization perspectives polarization, changes IBD, metabolic changes, mechanisms discussion these topics provides new insights immunotherapy strategies for

Language: Английский

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The Chelating Ability of Plant Polyphenols Can Affect Iron Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 630 - 630

Published: March 3, 2023

In the past decades, many studies have widely examined effects of dietary polyphenols on human health. Polyphenols are well known for their antioxidant properties and chelating abilities, by which they can be potentially employed in cases pathological conditions, such as iron overload. this review, we highlighted abilities polyphenols, due to structural specific sites, differences each class polyphenols. We also explored how iron-binding important inflammatory/immunomodulatory responses, with a special focus involvement macrophages dendritic cells, might contribute reshape gut microbiota into healthy profile. This review provides evidence that axes “polyphenol–iron metabolism–inflammatory responses” availability–gut microbiota” not been very so far, need further investigation exploit potential prevent or counteract conditions.

Language: Английский

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The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 150(5)

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract Background Tumor growth is closely linked to the activities of various cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly immune cells. During progression, circulating monocytes and macrophages are recruited, altering TME accelerating growth. These adjust their functions response signals from stromal Tumor-associated (TAMs), similar M2 macrophages, key regulators TME. Methods We review origins, characteristics, TAMs within This analysis includes mechanisms through which facilitate evasion promote metastasis. Additionally, we explore potential therapeutic strategies that target TAMs. Results instrumental mediating malignant behaviors. They release cytokines inhibit effector attract additional immunosuppressive primarily T cells, inducing exhaustion directly, influencing activity indirectly cellular interactions, or suppressing checkpoints. directly involved proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, Summary Developing innovative tumor-targeted therapies immunotherapeutic currently a promising focus oncology. Given pivotal role evasion, several approaches have been devised them. include leveraging epigenetics, metabolic reprogramming, engineering repolarize TAMs, inhibiting recruitment activity, using as drug delivery vehicles. Although some these remain distant clinical application, believe future targeting will offer significant benefits cancer patients.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids, alpha-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and ROS/RNS: Relevance to Parkinson's disease and therapeutic implications

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 103092 - 103092

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

In this review, we explore how short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiome affect Parkinson's disease (PD) through their modulatory interactions with alpha-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress mediated reactive oxygen nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). particular, SCFAs-such as acetate, propionate, butyrate-are involved in gut-brain communication can modulate alpha-synuclein aggregation, a hallmark of PD. The patients PD has lower levels SCFAs than healthy individuals. Probiotics may be potential strategy to restore alleviate symptoms, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Also discuss present guts brains PD, induce neuroinflammation via ROS/RNS. Alpha-synuclein is considered an early biomarker for link axis pathogenesis. Therefore, elucidating role impact on alpha-synuclein-induced microglia ROS/RNS crucial pathogenesis treatment.

Language: Английский

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The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Abstract Obesity, which is the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, has adverse impacts on human health. Obesity-related metabolic dysregulation similarities to alterations observed aging. It been shown that adipocytes obese individuals undergo cellular aging, known as senescence. Senescence can be transmitted other normal cells through a series chemical factors referred senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Most these are pro-inflammatory compounds. The immune system removes senescent T-cells, but immunosenescence, senescence cells, disrupts clearance T-cells. Immunosenescence occurs result aging or indirectly transmission from tissues. significant occurrence obesity expected cause immunosenescence and impairs response resolve inflammation. sustained chronic inflammation insulin's actions Therefore, this review focuses role adipocyte obesity-associated subsequent dysregulation. Moreover, article suggests novel therapeutic approaches improve syndrome by targeting T-cells using senotherapeutics. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Metabolic regulation of tumor-associated macrophage heterogeneity: insights into the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapeutic opportunities

Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a heterogeneous population that play diverse functions in tumors. Their identity is determined not only by intrinsic factors, such as origins and transcription but also external signals from the tumor microenvironment (TME), inflammatory metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming has rendered TAM to exhibit spectrum of activities ranging pro-tumorigenic anti-tumorigenic, closely associated with progression clinical prognosis. This review implicates diversity phenotypes functions, how this heterogeneity been re-evaluated advent single-cell technologies, impact TME on TAMs. We current therapies targeting metabolism offer new insights for TAM-dependent anti-tumor immunotherapy focusing critical role different programs

Language: Английский

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Engineered mitochondrial ROS scavenger nanocomplex to enhance lung biodistribution and reduce inflammation for the treatment of ARDS

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(6)

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 98 - 98

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans animals. However, when inflammation resolution delayed or compromised as result its misregulation, process proceeds from acute phase to chronic inflammation, leading development various illnesses. It proven that redox balance disturbances oxidative stress are among major factors inducing NF-κB over-inflammation. Therefore, anti-inflammatory properties natural antioxidants have been widely tested vitro vivo systems. Accumulating evidence indicates silymarin (SM) main constituent silibinin/silybin (SB) great potential an anti-inflammation agent. The mechanism SM/SB action attributed inhibition TLR4/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways downregulated expression pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, CCL4, CXCL10, etc. Of note, same model systems, was able upregulate cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, etc.) lipid mediators involved inflammation. inflammatory were clearly demonstrated systems based on immune (macrophages monocytes) non-immune (epithelial, skin, bone, connective cancer) cells. At time, confirmed number models, toxicity nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ischemia/reperfusion stress-induced injuries, ageing exercising wound healing many other relevant seems likely activities key elements health-promoting these phytochemicals.

Language: Английский

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