Ancient Wisdom Meets Modern Science: Depression in Traditional Medicine

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 161 - 198

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract The phenomenology and treatment of depression the bipolar spectrum are described in three systems traditional medicine, two which currently practiced: classical Greco-Roman Chinese medicine (TCM), Arabic Islamic medicine. These other (e.g., Ayurvedic medicine) contribute content to modern complementary, alternative, integrative (CAIM). conceive as a mind–body illness, comprehensive, holistic, non-stigmatized, dimensional (rather than categorical) way. Depression phenotypes distinguished by TCM have been correlated with distinct biomarkers. Traditional holistic treatments include changes diet, activity, environment well herbal medicaments physical like acupuncture massage. CAIM includes evidence-based alternatives complements mainstream that many patients find acceptable. They can help depressed reach maintain remissions.

Language: Английский

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South Korea: Han and Passionate Intensity

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 342 - 379

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Korea has the highest suicide rate of all high-income countries: 28.91 per 100,000 population in 2019—with disproportionally high rates women and older adults. Cultural features contributing to suicide, often-undiagnosed depression, include normalization traumatic experiences, including family intimate partner violence; transgenerational effects historical trauma; widespread binge drinking; intense academic, occupational, romantic competition that produces many “losers”; preoccupation with “face” external appearance; gender inequality. two “national emotions”—han jeong. Han is a form righteous anger grim resolve yearning for vengeance. Jeong attachment entails both protective social capital risk unhealthy dependency. Hwa-byung, distinctive expression depression most common midlife, reflects an excess han. The interpersonal dimension deserves special attention Koreans.

Language: Английский

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Picturing Depression: Faces, Backgrounds, and Foregrounds

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 22

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Depression takes diverse forms, each with distinctive epidemiology, phenomenology, and optimal treatments. In case of depression, culture is background; unique individual circumstances are foreground. Exemplary cases described. historical contemporary Japan, older people often devalued socially excluded; this can lead to “lonely deaths” from self-neglect or unnatural deaths including suicides. China’s long-standing tradition authoritarian parenting burdensome filial obligation underlies depression in younger adults. American regions have depression-relevant cultural differences as large those between nations. Utah, high gender inequality associated a prevalence young women. Connecticut income wealth entail problematic substance use among lower socioeconomic class. Cultural awareness, knowledge different communication styles, empower clinicians make more accurate diagnoses build therapeutic relationships.

Language: Английский

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Copyright Page

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

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Cultural Identity and Personal Biography

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 88 - 98

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Cultural identity strongly influences the personal meaning of common life events like marriage or retirement and probability adverse childhood (ACEs) intimate partner violence (IPV). Some cultures normalize ACEs IPV. Life can require adaptation to a new environment, involving acculturative stress sometimes family distancing. These include not only immigration but also migration within countries, changes in socioeconomic class, onset major illness disability, composition, aging. Acculturation is most successful when people become bicultural, integrating old identities. Depression risk greatest feel isolated: disconnected from both their native culture that environment. Second-generation immigrants experience “acculturative distancing.” Effective psychotherapy depression often requires addressing acculturation-related issues recognition traumas stresses normalized by patient’s culture.

Language: Английский

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Truck-Driving Blues

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 652 - 684

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Truck drivers have a high prevalence of depression. Their life expectancies are short, in part due to unhealthy lifestyles and associated chronic diseases. Depressed more likely be involved crashes. occupational risk factors for injury, general medical illness, depression include chronobiologic stress; continual exposure noise, vibration, polluted air; poor-quality food at truck stops; prolonged periods sitting; time pressures; loneliness when away from home; work–family conflicts; work schedules that interfere with consistent healthcare. Obesity sleep apnea prevalent challenging treat. Drivers’ culture contributes normalization illness pain, denial or externalization depression, internal stigma. Evaluation depressed driver should identify addressable job-related neglected problems. Enhancement function crash prevention non-stigmatizing foci clinical intervention compatible culture.

Language: Английский

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Cultural Correlates and Clinical Consequences

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 140 - 160

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Cultural identity is associated with diet, activities, sleeping habits, and patterns of substance use. All directly relate to the risk expressions depression bipolar spectrum. Related structural factors include housing quality; environmental hazards; quality food, healthcare, public education; availability highly lethal means self-harm. It influences prevalence phenotypes: melancholic, anxious, primarily somatic, or externalized “masculine depression.” External stigma universal, but its details are culture-dependent. The acceptability feasibility specific treatments vary by culture. Before prescribing against a patient’s culturally based biases, clinician should consider not only medication psychotherapy also lifestyle changes; complementary, alternative, integrative medicine; antidepressant smartphone apps; light therapy; non-invasive brain stimulation. Depression biomarkers soon may have role in selection that both compatible likely work.

Language: Английский

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Depression and Social Class: A Four-Dimensional View

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 113 - 139

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract A simple correlation of income, social class, and depression risk is misleading. Education, occupation, wealth, heritage can be as important income in determining status. The practical meaning a nominal numerical varies by place residence. Relevant mediators are place’s cost living, distribution public policies related to housing, healthcare, support. Within racial groups the United States, median household wealth vary greatly national origin. Open expression depressive emotions more likely acceptable upper classes, somatic especially common lower classes. Non-irritable presentations hypomania sometimes normalized class. change class either direction entail loneliness loss capital that contributes depression. Effective treatment require adaptation class-related circumstances.

Language: Английский

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Japan: Invisible Double-Edged Swords

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 293 - 341

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Traditional Japanese culture uniquely combines elements of Buddhism, Daoism, and Shintō. It is more collectivistic than Western individualistic Chinese culture. Aesthetics organizational are highly developed, with survival value external appeal but underlying negative or risky implications. Communication high-context, understated, often non-verbal paralinguistic. Self-construal interdependent. Shūdan ishiki (group consciousness) universal, ba no kuuki wo yomu (“reading the air”) an essential social skill. Melancholy normalized, suicide rationalized romanticized. Haji (shame) a common reaction to error failure, sometimes unbearable point suicide. Distinctive presentations depression self-harm arise from this cultural context, including kodokushi (lonely death), karōshi (death overwork), shin-gata utsubyo ("new type depression” “modern depression”). Depression can be obscured by normalization melancholy bipolarity culturally sanctioned overwork pleasure-seeking.

Language: Английский

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China: Confucian Harmony and Dissonance

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 201 - 292

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Conflicts of China’s traditional Confucian culture with modern realities contribute to depression and suicide in Chinese immigrants Western countries, international students, rural including internal migrants their “left-behind” family members. Traditions include authoritarian parenting, extreme emphasis on academic success, obligations filial piety, rigid gender roles. Immigrants experience acculturative stress distancing. In culture, is heavily stigmatized, its overt expression discouraged. Negative emotions often are expressed metaphorically. Treatment can be complicated by fear medications reluctance self-disclose psychotherapy. Clinicians address this eliciting patients’ personal illness narratives, disclosing a diagnosis stages using language compatible models beliefs, negotiating personalized treatment plan.

Language: Английский

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