Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(5), P. 1772 - 1790

Published: April 30, 2024

Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is molecule with an indole backbone that widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including cytoprotective responses other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared metabolites kynuric products generated reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D related photoproducts originate phototransformation ∆5,7 sterols, which 7-dehydrocholesterol ergosterol examples. Their bonds B ring absorb solar radiation [290-315 nm, (UVB) radiation] resulting opening to produce previtamin D, referred as secosteroid. Once formed, can either undergo thermal-induced isomerization vitamin UVB be transformed into lumisterol tachysterol. Vitamin well tachysterol, hydroxylated cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes biologically active hydroxyderivatives. best known these 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25(OH)

Language: Английский

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Melatonin-governed growth and metabolome divergence: Circadian and stress responses in key plant species

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 221, P. 109635 - 109635

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Melatonin, a versatile biomolecule, profoundly influences plant growth and resilience through its intricate regulation of metabolic pathways, circadian rhythms, cellular processes. The current study elucidates melatonin's concentration-dependent biphasic effects on dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana Brassica nigra. While 50 μM melatonin optimized biomass accumulation root elongation, higher concentrations (100 μM) elicited stress responses, underscoring dual role as promoter modulator. Melatonin extended photosynthetic efficiency by modulating chlorophyll carotenoid synthesis diurnally, offering protection against photodamage. Divergent responses between the two species, driven species-specific reprogramming, were evident pigment biosynthesis antioxidant pathways. B. nigra displayed robust activation flavonoid phenylpropanoid cytokinin signaling, enhanced oxidative defenses, contrasting with A. thaliana, where suppressed precursors activation. Metabolomic analysis revealed orchestration hormonal crosstalk, involving auxins, gibberellins, jasmonates, to fine-tune adaptation. Stomatal cell wall fortification highlighted optimizing water-use structural under abiotic stress. Cytogenetic studies confirmed safeguarding genomic integrity, regulating chromatin remodeling, promoting DNA repair mechanisms, demonstrating adaptive strategies Moreover, influenced critical including polyamine biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, nucleotide regulation, emphasizing multifaceted impact homeostasis. These findings position cornerstone molecule biotechnology, potential applications enhancing crop productivity fluctuating environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Insomnia accelerates the epigenetic clocks in older adults

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Epigenetic Regulation of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 12555 - 12555

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

This review explores the emerging role of hydrogen sulfide (H

Language: Английский

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Melatonin Exerts Prominent, Differential Epidermal and Dermal Anti-Aging Properties in Aged Human Eyelid Skin Ex Vivo

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(21), P. 15963 - 15963

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Human skin aging is associated with functional deterioration on multiple levels of physiology, necessitating the development effective senotherapeutics. The well-tolerated neurohormone melatonin unfolds anti-aging properties in vitro and vivo, but it remains unclear whether these effects translate to aged human ex vivo. We tested this organ-cultured, full-thickness eyelid (5-6 donors; 49-77 years) by adding culture medium, followed assessment core biomarkers via quantitative immunohistochemistry. Over 6 days, 200 µM significantly downregulated intraepidermal activity aging-promoting mTORC1 pathway (as visualized reduced S6 phosphorylation) MMP-1 protein expression epidermis compared vehicle-treated control skin. Conversely, transmembrane collagen 17A1, a key stem cell niche matrix molecule that declines aging, mitochondrial markers (e.g., TFAM, MTCO-1, VDAC/porin) were upregulated. Interestingly, 100 also increased epidermal VEGF-A protein, which required sufficient for inducing rejuvenation. In dermis, fibrillin-1 improved fibrillin structural organization, indicating an elastic fiber network. contrast, other (SIRT-1, lamin-B1, p16INK4, I) remained unchanged. This vivo study provides proof principle indeed exerts long-suspected never conclusively demonstrated surprisingly differential dermis.

Language: Английский

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Maternal exposure to dim light at night induces behavioral alterations in the adolescent and adult offspring Wistar rat

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Access to electric light has exposed living organisms varying intensities of throughout the 24 h day. Dim at night (DLAN) is an inappropriate signal for biological clock, which responsible circadian organization physiology. During gestational period, physiological adaptations occur ensure a successful pregnancy and optimal fetal development. Environmental maternal conditions, such as disruptions rhythms, could negatively affect offspring health. We have previously demonstrated that exposure female Wistar rats DLAN results in circadian, metabolic, behavioral alterations. A relevant behavior during adolescence social play, primarily regulated by nucleus accumbens (NAc) crucial proper performance important behaviors adulthood. Throughout development, microglia are remodeling diverse brain regions via synaptic pruning. adolescence, this process occurs within NAc, where immune-mediated directly impacts play behavior. This study investigated effects or light-dark cycle (LD) before (5 weeks) period (21-23 days) on metabolism Body mass was measured every 5 days from postnatal day 1 (PN1) PN25 10 PN40 PN90; food consumption monitored weekly PN90. Social evaluated PN40. The quantification morphology NAc were PN30. An open field test conducted PN60, anhedonia assessed Male mothers showed increased body gain PN25. male had lower consumption, while females exhibited consumption. In behavior, no differences found between LD offspring. contrast, significant decrease compared animals, associated with higher numbers more ramified morphology. Importantly, PN90, presented anxiety-like behaviors. These demonstrate induces intergenerational alterations persist until

Language: Английский

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Melatonin Modulates ZAP70 and CD40 Transcripts via Histone Modifications in Canine Ileum Epithelial Cells

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 87 - 87

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Melatonin (MLT), produced by the pineal gland and other tissues, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in regulating inflammatory markers cytokines intestinal cells. Our study aimed to investigate how MLT influences expression of genes through histone modification canine ileum epithelial cells (cIECs). In our experiment, cIECs were cultured divided into a control group (CON) an MLT-treatment group. did not significantly affect cell growth or death compared CON. However, treatment led upregulation CD40, ZAP70, IL7R downregulation LCK, RPL37, TNFRSF13B, CD4, CD40LG, BLNK, CIITA at mRNA level. Moreover, altered NF-kappa B signaling pathway upregulating genes, such as TICAM1, VCAMI, GADD45B, IRAK1, TRADD, RELA, RIPK1, RELB, downregulating PRKCB, LY96, ILIB, TNFRSF11A. Using ChIP-qPCR, we discovered that enhanced acetylation marks H3K9ac, H3K18ac, H3K27ac, methylation H3K4me1 H3K4me3 ZAP70 CD40 gene loci (p < 0.05). Additionally, enrichment RNA polymerase II phosphorylated Ser5 pol-II these was increased MLT-treated 0.05), indicating heightened transcriptional activity. conclusion, findings suggest mitigates inflammation modulating transcription modifications, offering potential therapeutic insights bowel diseases.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the geroprotective potential of Monarda didyma L.: insights from in vitro studies and a randomized clinical trial on slowing biological aging and improving quality of life

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Abstract Aging is driven by fundamental mechanisms like oxidative stress, telomere shortening and changes in DNA methylation, which together prepare the ground for age-related diseases. Botanical extracts, rich bioactive phytoconstituents, represent a promising resource developing therapies that target these to promote healthy aging. This study explores geroprotective potential of Monarda didyma L. extract. In vitro analyses revealed extract’s strong antioxidant activity, ability reduce shortening, capacity protect against damage, thereby decreasing cellular senescence improving endothelial function. The randomized, double-blind clinical trial demonstrated daily oral supplementation with extract significantly improved leukocyte length (LTL) stabilized methylation age (DNAmAge) intervention group, while placebo group experienced accelerated epigenetic aging hypermethylation critical genes (ELOVL2 FHL2). also reported enhanced quality life, particularly physical domain, along movement sleep indices detected questionnaire wearable sensors. These compelling findings position as powerful candidate future therapies, impact

Language: Английский

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Improving effects of melatonin on memory and synaptic potentiation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s-like disease: the involvement of glutamate homeostasis and mGluRs receptors

Behavioral and Brain Functions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 18, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and synaptic dysfunction, largely driven amyloid plaques neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. These pathological hallmarks disrupt glutamate signaling, which essential for plasticity memory consolidation. This study investigates the therapeutic potential melatonin on in an AD-like mouse model, with a focus its regulatory effects homeostasis metabotropic receptors (mGluRs). The began in-silico bioinformatics analysis RNA-seq datasets from hippocampal tissues AD patients to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related signaling tau pathology. An model was induced via intra-hippocampal injection cis-phospho C57BL/6 mice. Memory function assessed using behavioral tests. Synaptic evaluated vitro field recording slices. Histological analyses included Nissl staining neuronal density, Luxol Fast Blue myelin integrity, immunofluorescence hyperphosphorylation. Molecular studies employed qPCR Western blot assess glutamate-related markers phosphorylation. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally, starting either two weeks (early intervention) or four (late post-induction. Key molecular targets pathways were identified bioinformatics. mice displayed deficits dysfunction. improved function, especially early intervention, as confirmed revealed reduced loss, decreased findings showed restored mGluR expression GSK3 activity. Early intervention yielded superior outcomes, partial restoration observed LTP recordings. underscore neuroprotective properties melatonin, mediated ability modulate activity, offering new insights into agent AD. Additionally, results suggest that earlier administration may significantly enhance efficacy, highlighting importance timely neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Maternal and Offspring Kidney Disease and Hypertension: A Life-Course Perspective

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 387 - 387

Published: March 26, 2025

Kidney disease and hypertension are interconnected, prevalent conditions that affect both pregnant women children. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species or nitrogen exceed the capacity of antioxidant systems. It plays a critical role in kidney development, resulting programming increased risks for across life course. Animal models have significantly advanced our understanding oxidative stress-related programming, molecular mechanisms involved, early-life interventions to prevent disease. This review critically examines influence perinatal on highlighting its long-term effects outcomes susceptibility hypertension. also explores potential antioxidant-based preventing Furthermore, addresses existing gap between insights gained from animal their translation into clinical practices, emphasizing challenges opportunities future research this area.

Language: Английский

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