Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target: Focusing on Traumatic Brain Injury

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Mitochondria are organelles of eukaryotic cells delimited by two membranes and cristae that consume oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), involved in the synthesis vital metabolites, calcium homeostasis, cell death mechanisms. Strikingly, normal mitochondria function as an integration center between multiple conditions determine neural whereas lesions lead mitochondrial dysfunction can desynchronize cellular functions, thus contributing pathophysiology traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition, TBI leads impaired coupling electron transport system with oxidative phosphorylation provides most energy needed maintain ionic membrane potentials. Furthermore, metabolism produces signaling molecules such reactive species (ROS), regulating levels controlling expression profile intrinsic pro-apoptotic effectors influenced TBI. Hence, set these functions is widely referred ‘mitochondrial function’, although complexity relationship components limits a definition. this review, we present therapeutic target, focus on TBI, discuss aspects structure function.

Language: Английский

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Decoding Neurodegeneration: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12613 - 12613

Published: Nov. 24, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, and Huntington's, remain formidable challenges in medicine, with their relentless progression limited therapeutic options. These diseases arise from a web of molecular disturbances-misfolded proteins, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic mutations-that slowly dismantle neuronal integrity. Yet, recent scientific breakthroughs are opening new paths to intervene these once-intractable conditions. This review synthesizes the latest insights into underlying dynamics neurodegeneration, revealing how intertwined pathways drive course diseases. With an eye on most promising advances, we explore innovative therapies emerging cutting-edge research: nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems capable navigating blood-brain barrier, gene-editing tools like CRISPR designed correct harmful variants, stem cell strategies that not only replace lost neurons but foster neuroprotective environments. Pharmacogenomics is reshaping treatment personalization, enabling tailored align individual profiles, while diagnostics biomarkers ushering era early, precise disease detection. Furthermore, novel perspectives gut-brain axis sparking interest mounting evidence suggests microbiome modulation may play role reducing neuroinflammatory responses linked neurodegenerative progression. Taken together, advances signal shift toward comprehensive, personalized approach could transform care. By integrating techniques, this offers forward-looking perspective future where treatments aim just manage symptoms fundamentally alter progression, presenting renewed hope for improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Co-delivery of curcumin-resveratrol-carnosic acid complex promotes neurogenesis and cognitive recovery in a rodent model of repeated mild traumatic brain injury

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 117818 - 117818

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases: a review of the current literature

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders present significant challenges to modern medicine because of their complex etiology, pathogenesis, and progressive nature, which complicate practical treatment approaches. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributor the pathophysiology various neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review paper examines current literature highlighting multifaceted functions mitochondria, energy production, calcium signaling, apoptosis regulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, axonal transport, endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondrial interactions, mitophagy, proteostasis, crucial involvement in neuronal health. The emphasizes increasing recognition as a critical factor progression disorders, marking shift from traditional symptom management innovative mitochondrial-based therapies. By discussing mechanisms, quality control (MQC) processes impact oxidative stress, this highlights need for novel therapeutic strategies restore function, protect connections integrity, slow progression. comprehensive aims provide insights into potential interventions that could transform landscape diseases, addressing symptoms underlying pathophysiological changes.

Language: Английский

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Sex and Genotype Affect Mouse Hippocampal Gene Expression in Response to Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been identified as an increasingly prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in both military civilian populations over the past few decades. Functional outcomes following bTBI vary widely among individuals, chronic neurodegenerative effects including cognitive impairments can develop without effective diagnosis treatment. Genetic predispositions sex differences may affect gene expression changes response to influence individual's probability sustaining long-term damage or exhibiting resilience tissue repair. Male female mice from eight genetically diverse distinct strains (129S1/SvImJ, A/J, C57BL/6J, CAST/EiJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZO/HlLtJ, PWK/PhJ, WSB/EiJ) which encompassed 90% genetic variability commercially available laboratory were exposed a single (180 kPa) using well-established shock tube system. Subacute hippocampal due blast exposure assessed RNA-seq at 1-month post-injury. We patterns dysregulation ontology terms canonical pathways related mitochondrial function, ribosomal structure, synaptic plasticity, protein degradation, intracellular signaling that varied by and/or strain, significant genes encoding respiratory complex I electron transport chain male WSB/EiJ glutamatergic synapse across more than half our groups. This study represents multi-level examination how provides foundation for identification potential therapeutic targets could be modulated improve health Veterans others with histories exposures.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in Modulating Airway Defensive Reflexes

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 568 - 568

Published: May 9, 2025

Airway defensive reflexes, such as pharyngeal swallowing, coughing, and sneezing, play a pivotal role in maintaining airway homeostasis. These reflexes are controlled by complex mechanisms primarily governed specific neuronal circuitry the brainstem, referred to central pattern generators. behaviors also require optimal conditions for peripheral organs within alimentary tracts, including nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, which vital ensuring appropriate responsiveness motor outputs. Oxidative stress is linked development progress of impaired functions those behaviors. Dysphagia caused or impairments, neurodegeneration related networks laryngeal desensitization, likely associated with an increased level oxidative stress. Chronic inflammation allergic sensitization lower airways, asthma, elevate levels diminish activity antioxidant defense enzymes, exacerbate severity respiratory conditions. Antioxidant supplements offer promising therapeutic benefits facilitating recovery distorted although limited information has been provided concerning strategies. Further studies necessary enhance our understanding pathophysiology dysphagia diseases stress, well develop new treatment strategies these disorders.

Language: Английский

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The Bioenergetics of Traumatic Brain Injury and its Long-Term Impact for Brain Plasticity and Function

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 107389 - 107389

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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1-Bromopropane induces mitochondrial damage and lipid metabolism imbalance in respiratory epithelial cells through the PGC-1α/PPARα pathway

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 289, P. 117492 - 117492

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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