Update on the pathogenesis of endometriosis-related infertility based on contemporary evidence

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 10, 2025

Endometriosis, the most prevalent cause of infertility, is associated with anatomical distortion leading to adhesions and fibrosis, as well endocrine abnormalities immune disorders. This review discusses mechanisms underlying endometriosis-related infertility. Firstly, alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis lead secretion gonadotropins steroid hormones, adverse effects on ovulation implantation, fertility decline. Secondly, dysregulation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal induces elevated serum cortisol prolactin levels patients endometriosis, accounting for its regulation stress, depression, anxiety. Abnormal interactions between endometrial cells system change local microenvironment, resulting epithelial-mesenchymal transition inflammation. Activated epithelial cells, stromal immunocytes produce various chemokines, cytokines, or autoantibodies, creating an unfavorable environment embryo implantation. These findings suggest that spectrum play a crucial role Thirdly, oxidative stress has ovarian reserve subsequent embryonic development, predicting another promising strategy An unbalanced redox state, including impaired mitochondrial function, dysregulated lipid metabolism, iron-induced generates pro-oxidative which negatively impacts oocyte quality sperm viability. Thus, updated understanding involved this disease will help develop effective strategies manage

Language: Английский

Fibrinogen Oxidation and Thrombosis: Shaping Structure and Function

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 390 - 390

Published: March 26, 2025

Fibrinogen, a pivotal plasma glycoprotein, plays an essential role in hemostasis by serving as the precursor to fibrin, which forms structural framework of blood clots. Beyond coagulation, fibrinogen influences immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Oxidative stress, characterized imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants, induces oxidation, significantly altering its structure function. This narrative review synthesizes findings from vitro, ex vivo, clinical studies, emphasizing impact oxidation on clot formation, architecture, degradation. modifications result denser fibrin clots with thinner fibers, reduced permeability, heightened resistance fibrinolysis. These changes exacerbate prothrombotic conditions cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic inflammatory disorders cancer. In contrast, “low-dose” oxidative stress may elicit protective adaptations fibrinogen, preserving The also highlights discrepancies experimental due variability protocols patient conditions. Understanding interplay function could unveil therapeutic strategies targeting stress. Antioxidant therapies or selective inhibitors detrimental hold potential for mitigating thrombotic risks. However, further research is pinpoint specific sites, clarify their roles dynamics, bridge gap basic practice.

Language: Английский