Engineered extracellular vesicles: a breakthrough approach to overcoming sperm cryopreservation challenges DOI Creative Commons

Abazar Esmaeili,

Vahid Esmaeili, Abdolhossein Shahverdi

et al.

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: May 21, 2025

Freezing sperm for artificial insemination (AI) has been common decades, but this method causes damage to sperm, which affects its viability and fertility. Various strategies have used treat cryopreservation complications, their results are still not satisfactory. The latest approach in field is using extracellular vesicles (EVs). role of EVs reproduction, such as spermatogenesis, capacitation, fertility proven. can deliver proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, other molecules the repair. carry molecules, could be involved quality, functionality or application EV derived from animal human cell sources cryoinjury treatment indicates improvement quality after freeze-thawing. In addition, different engineering methods regarding various cargos more influential cryopreserved because they provide customized content delivering cryoinjured according unique needs enhance review, first, we reminded next explained conventional modern overcoming them. Then, pointed out development following mentioned study cryoinjuries Also, suggested several predisposing (including microRNAs proteins) complications by indirect procedure, including genetic manipulation incubation with therapeutic direct electroporation, sonication, incubation, saponin permeabilization, extrusion, CaCl2-heat shock, freeze/thawing. Finally, discussed limitations ethical considerations context. meantime, despite these limitations, promising potential reduce infertility rates helping overcome challenges.

Language: Английский

Engineered extracellular vesicles: a breakthrough approach to overcoming sperm cryopreservation challenges DOI Creative Commons

Abazar Esmaeili,

Vahid Esmaeili, Abdolhossein Shahverdi

et al.

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: May 21, 2025

Freezing sperm for artificial insemination (AI) has been common decades, but this method causes damage to sperm, which affects its viability and fertility. Various strategies have used treat cryopreservation complications, their results are still not satisfactory. The latest approach in field is using extracellular vesicles (EVs). role of EVs reproduction, such as spermatogenesis, capacitation, fertility proven. can deliver proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, other molecules the repair. carry molecules, could be involved quality, functionality or application EV derived from animal human cell sources cryoinjury treatment indicates improvement quality after freeze-thawing. In addition, different engineering methods regarding various cargos more influential cryopreserved because they provide customized content delivering cryoinjured according unique needs enhance review, first, we reminded next explained conventional modern overcoming them. Then, pointed out development following mentioned study cryoinjuries Also, suggested several predisposing (including microRNAs proteins) complications by indirect procedure, including genetic manipulation incubation with therapeutic direct electroporation, sonication, incubation, saponin permeabilization, extrusion, CaCl2-heat shock, freeze/thawing. Finally, discussed limitations ethical considerations context. meantime, despite these limitations, promising potential reduce infertility rates helping overcome challenges.

Language: Английский

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