The Rise of Fentanyl: Molecular Aspects and Forensic Investigations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 444 - 444

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid widely used for its potent analgesic effects in chronic pain management and intraoperative anesthesia. However, high potency, low cost, accessibility have also made it significant drug of abuse, contributing to the global epidemic. This review aims provide an in-depth analysis fentanyl's medical applications, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, pharmacogenetics while examining adverse forensic implications. Special attention given misuse, polydrug interactions, challenges determining cause death fentanyl-related fatalities. misuse has escalated dramatically, driven by substitution heroin availability through online platforms, including dark web. Polydrug use, where fentanyl combined with substances like xylazine, alcohol, benzodiazepines, or cocaine, exacerbates toxicity increases risk fatal outcomes. undergoes rapid distribution, metabolism CYP3A4 into inactive metabolites, renal excretion. Genetic polymorphisms CYP3A4, OPRM1, ABCB1 significantly influence individual responses fentanyl, affecting efficacy potential toxicity. Fentanyl's side include respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmias, gastrointestinal dysfunction, neurocognitive impairments. Chronic disrupts brain function, contributes mental health disorders, poses risks younger older populations alike. Fentanyl-related deaths require comprehensive investigations, judicial inspections, autopsies, toxicological analyses. Additionally, co-administration xylazine presents distinct scientific community. Histological immunohistochemical studies are essential understanding organ-specific damage, pharmacogenetic testing can identify susceptibilities. The growing prevalence abuse highlights need robust protocols, advanced research variability, strategies mitigate misuse. International collaboration, public education, harm reduction measures critical addressing crisis effectively.

Language: Английский

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Revolutionizing Crime Investigation

IGI Global eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 281 - 300

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

As law enforcement agencies face increasingly intricate criminal cases, the incorporation of deep learning presents remarkable capabilities in data analysis, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling. This chapter commences by delineating core principles its unique benefits compared to traditional forensic methods, particularly proficiency efficiently processing extensive datasets. The discourse further explores various applications within science, such as digital forensics, biometric identification, crime scene reconstruction. By utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) other sophisticated algorithms, investigators can improve image automate classification evidence, enhance reliability eyewitness identifications. Additionally, examines challenges linked adoption these technologies, including concerns regarding privacy algorithmic bias.

Language: Английский

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Five Years After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Old Problems and New Challenges in Forensic Pathology

Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 20 - 20

Published: May 2, 2025

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted forensic science, exposing vulnerabilities and introducing unprecedented challenges. Five years later, its impact persists, necessitating ongoing adaptations in practice. This study examines key transformations, persistent issues, emerging challenges science post-pandemic. Methods: A critical analysis of science’s response to the was conducted, focusing on operational disruptions, methodological advancements, educational shifts, technological integration. Results: Forensic operations faced delays due case backlogs, restricted in-person work, postponed court proceedings. pathology evolved with increased reliance molecular autopsy techniques clarify COVID-19-related deaths. Educational methods shifted toward virtual learning, prompting discussions standardized digital training. Additionally, artificial intelligence automation gained prominence investigations, enhancing crime scene predictive modeling. Discussion: While demonstrated adaptability, remain international collaboration, resource distribution, professional accelerated integration but also raised ethical procedural concerns, particularly regarding AI applications legal contexts. Virtual learning innovations necessitate further development ensure competency Conclusions: continues evolve post-pandemic realities. Addressing gaps cooperation, technology implementation, training will be crucial strengthening field. By assessing these changes, this underscores resilience offering insights into future trajectory amid

Language: Английский

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Emerging Technologies in Forensic DNA Analysis

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 10007 - 10007

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

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Ethical and security challenges in AI for forensic genetics: From bias to adversarial attacks

Forensic Science International Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 103225 - 103225

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Evolving Role of AI in Forensic Science and Crime Investigation

Advances in social networking and online communities book series, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 365 - 388

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Investigating crime scenes is complex for forensic investigators, but artificial intelligence (AI) has streamlined the process, enhancing efficiency and speed. AI plays a vital role in various areas, including genotyping, biometrics, digital forensics, addressing issues like data privacy accountability. In detection prevention, aids statistical processing, identification, forecasting. Challenges such as vast data, subtle clues, outdated techniques can lead to investigative errors miscarriages of justice. This chapter emphasizes AI's significance processing evidence, enabling investigators track suspect movements decrypt messages, crucial combating cybercrime. Looking ahead, potential science immense. When properly implemented, transform criminal justice system, making it more effective, safe, fair, ultimately ensuring all involved.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Investigations and Technological Aspects

IGI Global eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 147 - 162

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Everything in today's world is related to artificial intelligence. Criminals are becoming advanced and accessing intelligence, causing crime. Hence, there a strict need of intelligence crime investigation, too, because traditional ways can't find criminal who technology fulfill his desires. Numerous technical instruments support law enforcement effectively apprehending offenders. Drones offer surveillance scene views from the air. Surveillance body-worn cameras both record evidence improve accountability. Metal detectors assist locating hidden weapons, predictive analysis foresees stops activity. Forensic investigations aided with lie detectors, DNA, fingerprints. Although AI has shown promise advancing justice number situations, administration's lack know-how prevents reaching its full potential.

Language: Английский

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Forensic Ballistics and Artificial Intelligence

IGI Global eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 163 - 182

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Forensic ballistics, the study of firearms and ammunition, is critical in criminal investigations. However, legality evidence, its reliability, admissibility are defending evidence against legal challenges. The potential for AI to enhance forensic ballistics a collaborative effort allows more efficient crime-solving techniques, which will, turn, reinforce public confidence judicial process. chapter discusses how might compensate these challenges, while also improving international standards and, by extension, helping judiciary system with reliable from scientific perspective during quest reaching justice.

Language: Английский

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Forensic saliva stains aging, using reverse transcription real-time PCR combined with a multidimensional prediction model of specific mRNA markers

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract Background Accurate estimation of the time since deposition biological samples is a critical aspect forensic investigations, as it can provide important temporal information about crime scenes. Saliva stains, frequently encountered in casework, degrade over time, and their analysis offer clues timing events. Recent advances molecular techniques have focused on using RNA degradation rates time-dependent biomarker due to instability molecules post-deposition. This study explores specific mRNA markers, SPRR1A GAPDH, dried saliva stains Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) constructs predictive model for aging such stains. Results The profiles two markers revealed distinct patterns. GAPDH exhibited rapid compared SPRR1A, which degraded more gradually, consistent with previous observations stability differences samples. A multiple regression was developed fold changes expression normalized housekeeping gene B2M. resulting formula, T = − 3.40⋅log (FC ) 12.43⋅log + 7.07, demonstrated strong capability, explaining 77.3% variance (R 2 0.773). performed accurately up 45 days old, showing low mean absolute error. played dominant role prediction its rates, while inclusion enhanced accuracy, especially older Conclusions underscores potential patterns combination qPCR multidimensional offers reliable tool determining age samples, aiding investigations. method provides non-invasive precise approach estimating deposition, particularly crucial early after scene established.

Language: Английский

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Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and forensic investigations: Searching for the cause of death

Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 104907 - 104907

Published: May 30, 2024

Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) are a group of structural abnormalities or defects the heart that present at birth. CHDs could be connected to sudden death (SD), defined by WHO (World Health Organization) as "death occurring within 24 h after onset symptoms" in an apparently "healthy" subject. These conditions can range from relatively mild severe, life-threatening anomalies. The prevalence varies across populations, but they affect millions individuals worldwide. This article aims discuss post-mortem investigation related CHDs, exploring forensic approach, current methodologies, challenges, and potential advancements this challenging field. A further goal is provide guide for understanding these complex diseases, highlighting pivotal role autopsy, histopathology, genetic investigations defining cause death, providing evidence about translational use autopsy reports. Forensic play crucial complexities determining accurately. Through collaboration between medical professionals experts, meticulous examinations, analysis evidence, valuable insights gained. not only closure families affected also contribute prevention future tragedies.

Language: Английский

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