Potential Functions of the Gut Microbiome and Modulation Strategies for Improving Aquatic Animal Growth

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

ABSTRACT The increase in the body weight of animals, a pivotal indicator closely tied to production, is important aquaculture industry. Despite remarkable variability gut microbiomes, which are intricately associated with their hosts and affect overall performance, fitness, physiological outcomes, across individuals species, development practical application microbiota modulation remain underdeveloped. In this review, we systematically examine advancements focus on microbiomes aquatic animals different growth rates by literature search, summarizing existing knowledge regarding diversity, composition, significance microbiome individual growth. comparative analysis reveals substantial alterations that correspond changes rate species bias toward more carnivorous fish, shrimps sea cucumbers nonfish species. present review also discusses research as an emerging field great potential for advancing our understanding animal growth, screening candidate probiotics, facilitating strategies. Besides, gaps production farmed have been highlighted. We propose directions address challenges opportunities field, such priority effects establishment, especially early stage, host‐derived probiotics various animals. Finally, provide conceptual framework enhancing farming practices through intensified research.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the diet in the gut microbiota after an inter-species microbial transplantation in fish

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Abstract Inter-species microbial transplantations offer the possibility of transferring species-specific microbes and their associated functionality. As a conceptual approach, an intestinal microbiota transplant (IMT) between two marine carnivorous fish species that thrive in different environmental conditions was conducted: from donor Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) to recipient gilthead seabream Sparus aurata ), after obliterating its basal with antibiotic treatment. To confirm gut able recover antibiotics without influence diet, group not submitted IMT kept fasted as internal control. assess effect diet IMT, groups were respectively fed typical diet. At 36 days post-IMT, individuals dominated by feed-associated bacteria, while those had developed unique convergence donor, microbiota. These results suggested transplantation may be effective if is first cleared targeted dietary modification provided maintain enrich novel bacteria over time.

Language: Английский

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Fish microbiomics: Strengths and limitations of MinION sequencing of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) intestinal microbiota

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 569, P. 739388 - 739388

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Can the genetic background modulate the effects of feed additives? Answers from gut microbiome and transcriptome interactions in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with a mix of phytogenics, organic acids or probiotics

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 586, P. 740770 - 740770

Published: March 5, 2024

The synergies between selective breeding and feed additives remain under-explored in farmed fish, despite their sustainability. Reference (REF) selected gilthead sea bream for growth (GS) were fed with the control (CTRL) diet during 14 days. CTRL was oil-coated three functional (PHY: phytogenic based on garlic medium chain fatty acid; OA: organic acid mixture a 70% of butyric sodium salt; PROB: probiotic Bacillus subtilis, pumillus licheniformes species). These experimental diets then sequentially administered at high (PHY/OA = 7.5 g/kg, PROB 2 × 1011 CFU/kg; weeks) low (PHY 5 OA 3 4 1010 10 additive doses. capacity given genotype to modify fish performance, gut health host interaction its anterior intestine (AI) microbiota evaluated as whole population or individually (9 fish/diet/genetics). GS showed better conversion ratio, linked reduced individual variability microbial composition. PHY had major impact upon intestinal transcriptome GS-PHY up-regulation markers epithelial integrity, sphingolipid cholesterol/bile salt metabolism. With additive, impaired AI goblet cell area enhanced granulocyte infiltration concomitant down-regulation neutrophil degranulation associated decrease pathogenic genera (Staphylococcus/Streptococcus/Neisseria), an over-representation acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation vitamin K biosynthesis inferred pathways. establishment lack inflammation parallel both genetic backgrounds. However, grew utilized whereas worsening appeared REF fish. This amelioration related higher abundance nitrate-reducer Kocuria, maintenance proliferation, microbiota-correlated protein synthesis ubiquitination markers, supporting turnover improved barrier function. Overall, success nutritional innovations is largely dependent genome predisposition, but also according hologenome theory.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic capacity after nutritional programming with a plant-rich diet in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): insights across developmental stages

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract To promote sustainable aquaculture, the formulation of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) feeds has changed in recent decades, focusing on replacing standard marine-based ingredients with plant-based alternatives, increasingly demonstrating successful outcomes terms fish performance. However, little is known about how these diets may impact gut microbiota at first feeding and onwards. Nutritional programming (NP) one strategy applied for exposing to a (V) diet an early stage life full utilisation prevent potential adverse impacts exposure plant-rich later life. We investigated NP by introducing plant (V fish) during brief period two weeks (stimulus phase) compared those fed (M fish). Results demonstrated that V not only maintained growth performance 16 (intermediate 22 (challenge post (wpff) when M but also modulated microbiota. PERMANOVA general effects revealed dissimilarity group vs. phases intermediate challenge). no interaction effect both groups was demonstrated, suggesting sustained (nutritional history) across time points/phases. Moreover, exerted significant cumulative modulatory wpff wpff, although were wpff. The nutritional history/dietary regime main influencing factor, whereas environmental host factors significantly impacted composition fish. Microbial metabolic reactions amino acid metabolism higher played role digesting essential acids feed. excessive mucin O-degradation mitigated stages after NP, physiological adaptability tolerance diet. Future studies are required explore more fully functionally contributes NP.

Language: Английский

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The Expansion of Sirtuin Gene Family in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)—Phylogenetic, Syntenic, and Functional Insights across the Vertebrate/Fish Lineage

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 6273 - 6273

Published: June 6, 2024

The Sirtuin (SIRT1-7) family comprises seven evolutionary-conserved enzymes that couple cellular NAD availability with health, nutrition and welfare status in vertebrates. This study re-annotated the sirt3/5 branch gilthead sea bream, revealing three paralogues of sirt3 (sirt3.1a/sirt3.1b/sirt3.2) two sirt5 (sirt5a/sirt5b) this Perciform fish. phylogeny synteny analyses unveiled Sirt3.1/Sirt3.2 dichotomy was retained teleosts aquatic-living Sarcopterygian after early vertebrate 2R whole genome duplication (WGD). Additionally, only certain percomorphaceae bream showed a conserved tandem-duplicated block involving mammalian-clustered sirt3.1 gene (psmd13-sirt3.1a/b-drd4-cdhr5-ctsd). Conversely, expansion Sirt5 shaped by teleost-specific 3R WGD. As extensively reviewed literature, human-orthologues (sirt3.1/sirt5a) high, expression skeletal muscle increased as development advanced. However, recent sirt3.2 sirt5b suffered an overall transcriptional silencing across life, well enhanced on immune-relevant tissues gills. These findings fill gaps ontogeny differentiation Sirt genes environmentally adaptable becoming good starting point to advance towards full understanding its neo-functionalization. mechanisms originating from these new paralogs also open perspectives energy sensing processes

Language: Английский

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Beyond Microbial Variability: Disclosing the Functional Redundancy of the Core Gut Microbiota of Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream from a Bayesian Network Perspective

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 198 - 198

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

The significant microbiota variability represents a key feature that makes the full comprehension of functional interaction between and host an ongoing challenge. To overcome this limitation, in study, fish intestinal was analyzed through meta-analysis, identifying core constructing stochastic Bayesian network (BN) models with SAMBA. We combined three experiments performed gilthead sea bream juveniles same hatchery batch, reared at season/location, fed diets enriched on processed animal proteins (PAP) other alternative ingredients (NOPAP-PP, NOPAP-SCP). Microbiota data analysis disclosed high individual taxonomic variability, homogeneity within trials highlighted importance microbiota, clustering PAP NOPAP composition. For both BNs, >99% population were modelled, proportion bacteria (55-69%) directly connected diet variable. Functional enrichment identified 11 relevant pathways expressed by different taxa across confirming metabolic plasticity heterogeneity. Altogether, these results reinforce bacteria-host interactions near future, allow use as species-specific growth welfare benchmark livestock animals, farmed particular.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between gilthead seabream intestinal transcriptome and microbiota upon Enteromyxum leei infection: a multi–omic approach

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 6, 2025

The enteric myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei is an important problem in gilthead seabream aquaculture invading the intestinal epithelium and leading to chronic inflammation, poor food conversion rates, cachexia, mortalities, with no treatments available, resulting significant economic losses. It known that infections are affected by factors such as temperature, duration of exposure, stocking densities, seasonality. Gut microbiota has key effects on host health, including disease resistance immune system training development, tightly interacting host, affecting systemic local physiological functions. This study aimed gain insights into host-microbiota-parasite interactions integrating metataxonomics, transcriptomics, metatranscriptomics within this model. Exposure E. together temperature age differences led alterations microbiota. Samples from 240 g fish kept at 18ºC during a winter trial 10 weeks post-parasite exposure showed highest changes their microbial composition Proteobacteria increasing abundance 32.3% control group up 89.8% infected group, while Firmicutes Actinobacteria significantly decreased relative 23% 37.8-2.4% 1.1%, respectively. After LEfSe analysis, Acinetobacter was identified best biomarker for parasite-exposed group. Parasite also altered expression 935 genes, highlighting genes involved responses pathways related Interleukins, MHCI Interferons. Microbial transcripts, upon infection. Integration results revealed differential induced directly or indirectly parasite-induced shift. Intestinal gene en enteromyxosis. detected activation response not exclusively linked infection but microbiota, demonstrating role different components mucosal disease. These provided datasets bacterial taxa transcripts will allow better understanding can serve starting points studying evaluating health parasitosis other diseases.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the potential regulation mechanisms of host-microbiome comprehensive interactions on growth traits in Cyprinus carpio

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 742522 - 742522

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Engineering the fish gut microbiome: could it serve as future-proof strategy for sustainable aquaculture?

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: April 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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