Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2529 - 2529

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians researchers, no significant improvement in survival has achieved since Stupp protocol became standard care (SOC) 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss recent progress our understanding GB pathophysiology, particular, importance glioma stem cells (GSCs), tumor microenvironment conditions, epigenetic mechanisms involved growth, aggressiveness recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers SOC treatment targeted therapies that shown to interfere different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16

Language: Английский

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Lipid-based nanoparticles to address the limitations of GBM therapy by overcoming the blood-brain barrier, targeting glioblastoma stem cells, and counteracting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 116113 - 116113

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, characterized by high heterogeneity, strong invasiveness, poor prognosis, and a low survival rate. A broad range of nanoparticles have been recently developed as drug delivery systems for GBM therapy owing to their inherent size effect ability cross blood-brain barrier (BBB). Lipid-based (LBNPs), such liposomes, solid lipid NPs (SLNs), nano-structured carriers (NLCs), emerged promising system treatment because unique size, surface modification possibilities, proven bio-safety. In this review, main challenges current clinical strategies on how novel LBNPs overcome them were explored. The application progress LBNP-based in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene recent years systematically reviewed, prospect was discussed.

Language: Английский

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Chemico-biological aspects of (−)- epigallocatechin- 3 -gallate (EGCG) to improve its stability, bioavailability and membrane permeability: Current status and future prospects

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(30), P. 10382 - 10411

Published: May 2, 2022

Natural products have been a bedrock for drug discovery decades. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the widely studied natural polyphenolic compounds derived from green tea. It key component believed to be responsible medicinal value Significant studies implemented in vitro, cellulo, and vivo models suggested its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective activities etc. Despite having such wide array therapeutic potential promising results preclinical studies, applicability humans has encountered with rather limited success largely due poor bioavailability, membrane permeability, rapid metabolic clearance lack stability EGCG. Therefore, novel techniques are warranted address those limitations so that EGCG or modified analogs can used clinical setup. This review comprehensively covers different strategies as structural modifications, nano-carriers efficient delivery systems, synergistic other bioactivities improve chemico-biological aspects (e.g., stability, etc.) enhanced pharmacokinetics pharmacological properties, eventually enhancing potentials. We think this article will serve strong platform comprehensive literature on development bioavailability it translated applications.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Brain cancer is regarded among the deadliest forms of worldwide. The distinct tumor microenvironment and inherent characteristics brain cells virtually render them resistant to majority conventional advanced therapies. Oxidative stress (OS) a key disruptor normal homeostasis involved in carcinogenesis different cancers. Thus, antioxidants may inhibit tumorigenesis by preventing OS induced various oncogenic factors. Antioxidants are hypothesized initiation endorsing DNA repair suppressing progression creating an energy crisis for preneoplastic cells, resulting antiproliferative effects. These effects referred as chemopreventive mediated antioxidant mechanism. In addition, minimize chemotherapy-induced nonspecific organ toxicity prolong survival. also support prooxidant chemistry that demonstrate chemotherapeutic potential, particularly at high or pharmacological doses trigger promoting free radical production, which essential activating cell death pathways. A growing body evidence revealed roles exogenous adjuvants their ability reverse chemoresistance. this review, we explain influences endogenous on cancers with reference roles. role metabolic reprogramming influence downstream signaling events suppressor gene mutations critically discussed. Finally, review both pro- anticancer mechanisms molecules killing neoplastic inhibiting recurrence followed treatments. requirements treatment under conditions discussed along reasons behind conflicting outcomes reports. mention influencing factors regulate pharmacology treatment. conclusion, achieve consistent clinical treatments cancers, rigorous mechanistic studies required respect types, forms, stages tumors. concomitant regimens need adequate consideration.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Flavonoids on Cancer, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of NF-κB Signaling Pathway

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9236 - 9236

Published: May 25, 2023

Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemical compounds found in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves. They have a multitude of medicinal applications due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, anticarcinogenic properties. Furthermore, they also neuroprotective cardioprotective effects. Their biological properties depend on the chemical structure flavonoids, mechanism action, bioavailability. The beneficial effects flavonoids been proven for variety diseases. In last few years, it is demonstrated that mediated by inhibiting NF-κB (Nuclear Factor-κB) pathway. this review, we summarized some most common diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, human neurodegenerative Here, collected all recent studies describing protective prevention role derived from plants specifically focusing action signaling

Language: Английский

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Review on the pharmacological properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) as a promising source of bioactive compounds

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100046 - 100046

Published: April 19, 2024

Despite the quantities and diversity of chemical compounds such as flavonoids discovered in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC.), available data are fragmentary. Their variation depending on type extract origin plant their effect biological activities not deeply discussed. Therefore, this paper provides a critical discussion bioactive including flavonoid content extracts Cymbopogon citratus, associated properties. Recorded showed that recent studies have addressed qualitatively quantitatively various C. citratus. Existing literature clarified significant chemicals used parts plants. However, effects climate change other environmental quantity quality yet available. On hand, recorded were with wide range pharmacological properties antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic effects, which variable types flavonoids. Other anticancer, analgesic, diuretic investigated extracted from plant, thus more advanced needed to optimize extraction biomolecules counting flavonoids, then apply them most devastating diseases pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection: The molecular impact of flavonoids on neurodegenerative disease progression

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 569, P. 161 - 183

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mini Review On: The Roles of DNA Nanomaterials in Phototherapy

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 2021 - 2041

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

DNA-based functional nanomaterials are distinguished by their structural designability and controllability, making them particularly attractive in the biomedical field. Using DNA for cancer treatment through synergistic approaches combining photodynamic therapy photothermal has garnered significant attention. This growing interest driven active development of various tailored integrated strategies targeting cancer, including phototherapy, chemotherapy, etc. review provides an overview nanoplatforms employed phototherapy treatment. It highlights recent advances that leverage multifaceted synergy to enhance phototherapeutic efficacy. also offers a new perspectives clinical application potential malignant tumors, focusing on developments years directions future research applications.

Language: Английский

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Natural Compounds as Promising Adjuvant Agents in The Treatment of Gliomas

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 3360 - 3360

Published: March 20, 2022

In humans, glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor. Usually, has specific characteristics, such as aggressive cell proliferation and rapid invasion of surrounding tissue, leading to a poor patient prognosis. The current therapy—which provides multidisciplinary approach with surgery followed by radiotherapy chemotherapy temozolomide—is not very efficient since it faces clinical challenges tumor heterogeneity, invasiveness, chemoresistance. this respect, natural substances in diet, integral components lifestyle medicine approach, can be seen potential chemotherapeutics. There are several epidemiological studies that have shown chemopreventive role dietary compounds cancer progression development. These heterogeneous produce anti-glioblastoma effects through upregulation apoptosis autophagy; allowing promotion cycle arrest; interfering metabolism; permitting proliferation, neuroinflammation, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, metastasis inhibition. Although these beneficial promising, efficacy limited due their bioavailability blood–brain barrier permeability. Thereby, further trials necessary confirm vitro vivo anticancer properties compounds. article, we overview treatment considering overcome future prospects.

Language: Английский

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Target-Based Anticancer Indole Derivatives for the Development of Anti-Glioblastoma Agents

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 2587 - 2587

Published: March 13, 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent primary brain tumor, with a poor prognosis highest mortality rate. Currently, GBM therapy consists of surgical resection radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy temozolomide. Consistently, there are treatment options only modest anticancer efficacy achieved; therefore, still need for development new effective therapies GBM. Indole considered one privileged scaffolds in heterocyclic chemistry, so it may serve as an probe drug candidates against challenging diseases, including This review analyzes therapeutic benefit clinical novel indole-based derivatives investigated promising anti-GBM agents. The existing compounds which pre-clinical stages reported, particular reference to recent advances between 2013 2022. main mechanisms action underlying their efficacy, such protein kinase, tubulin p53 pathway inhibition, also discussed. final goal pave way medicinal chemists future design

Language: Английский

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