Regulatory T Cells for Stroke Recovery: A Promising Immune Therapeutic Strategy

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability among adults. Given the restricted therapeutic window for intravascular interventions neuroprotection during acute phase, there has been growing focus on tissue repair functional recovery in subacute chronic phases after stroke. The pro‐inflammatory microglial polarization occurs stroke may represent targets recovery. CD4 + regulatory T cells (Tregs), subtype with immunosuppressive effects, have shown to be important Tregs infiltrate into brain primarily following Infiltrating play critical role mitigating responses, modulating immune microenvironment, promoting restoration damaged Methods A systematic literature search was conducted PubMed, Scopus, Web Science then conduct comprehensive analysis searched literature. Results This review provides summary recent preclinical research advances stroke, particular their reparative functions phases. It discusses changes peripheral infiltrating post‐stroke, underlying mechanisms, strategies involving Tregs. Additionally, this explores potential challenges associated clinical application ischemic Conclusion Treg cell‐related therapy represents promising immune‐therapeutic strategy However, are several issues that must resolved before its advancement application.

Language: Английский

---

Stem Cell-Based Approaches for Spinal Cord Injury: The Promise of iPSCs

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 314 - 314

Published: March 20, 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering condition that leads to severe neurological deficits and significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Despite advancements in medical care, current treatment options remain largely palliative, with limited ability promote meaningful functional recovery. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as promising avenue for regenerative medicine, offering patient-specific, cell-based therapeutic potential SCI repair. This review provides comprehensive overview recent iPSC-based approaches SCI, detailing the strategies used generate neural cell types, including progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, their roles promoting neuroprotection regeneration. Additionally, we examine key preclinical clinical studies, highlighting recovery assessments discussing both standardized debated evaluation metrics. Furthermore, address critical challenges related safety, tumorigenicity, immune response, survival, integration, overcoming inhibitory microenvironment injured spinal cord. We also explore emerging biomaterial scaffolds, gene editing, rehabilitation may enhance applicability therapies. By addressing these refining translational strategies, interventions hold significant revolutionize improve outcomes affected individuals.

Language: Английский

---

Methyl isoeugenol suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via activation of Nrf2/NQO1/HO-1 signaling in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 116947 - 116947

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Bibliometric Analysis and Visualized Study of Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

One of the major global causes death and disability is ischemic stroke (IS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerge as a cell-based therapy for numerous diseases. Recently, research on role MSCs in has developed rapidly worldwide. Bibliometric analysis IS not yet been published, though. Through bibliometric analysis, aim this study was to assess current state field worldwide identify important results, areas, emerging trends. Publications related from January 1, 2002, December 31, 2022, were obtained Web Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used HistCite, VOSViewer, CiteSpace, Bibliometrix visualization. employed Total Global Citation Score (TGCS) impact publications. The included total 2,048 1,386 papers authored by 200 individuals across organizations 72 countries, published 202 journals. Cesar V Borlongan most documents among high-productivity authors. Michael Chopp author with highest average number citations per paper, an paper citation time 118.54. found that starting 2008. Neurosciences productive journals, Chinese researchers have produced subject. cited article "Systemic administration exosomes released mesenchymal stromal promotes functional recovery neurovascular plasticity after rats". This uses both numbers descriptions thoroughly review IS. information provides valuable experience carry out MSCs' work

Language: Английский

---

Influencing factors of corticomuscular coherence in stroke patients

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 18, 2024

Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is an acute disease with a high incidence, disability rate, and mortality. It can disrupt the interaction between cerebral cortex external muscles. Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) common useful method for studying how controls muscle activity. CMC expose functional connections muscle, reflecting information flow in motor system. Afferent feedback related to reveal these connections. This paper aims investigate factors influencing stroke patients provide comprehensive summary analysis of current research this area. begins by discussing impact significance patients. then proceeds elaborate on mechanism its defining formula. Next, impacts various were discussed individually. Lastly, addresses challenges future prospects CMC.

Language: Английский

---

Curcumin loaded hydrogel with double ROS-scavenging effect regulates microglia polarization to promote poststroke rehabilitation

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28, P. 101177 - 101177

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Cyclodextrins are used to include curcumin form complex, which is subsequently loaded into a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive hydrogel (Cur gel). This gel exhibits dual ROS scavenging effect. The can neutralize extracellular lead ROS-sensitive release. released complex eliminate intracellular ROS. Furthermore, the Cur effectively downregulates expression of CD16 and IL-1β while upregulating CD206 TGF-β in glucose-deprived (OGD) BV2 cells. Additionally, it restores synaptophysin PSD95 OGD N2a Upon injection stroke cavity, reduces increases peri-infarct area mice, indicating an

Language: Английский

---

Revisiting the role of the complement system in intracerebral hemorrhage and therapeutic prospects

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123, P. 110744 - 110744

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Molecular Changes in the Ischemic Brain as Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Targets—TMS and tDCS Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Combination Therapies

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1560 - 1560

Published: July 13, 2024

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes death and disability. As currently used neurorehabilitation methods present several limitations, ongoing research focuses on use non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic (TMS) direct current (tDCS). NIBS were demonstrated to modulate neural excitability improve motor cognitive functioning in neurodegenerative diseases. However, their mechanisms action are not fully elucidated, clinical outcomes often unpredictable. This review explores molecular processes underlying effects TMS tDCS rehabilitation, including oxidative stress reduction, cell death, neurogenesis, neuroprotective phenotypes glial cells. A highlight put newly emerging therapeutic targets, ferroptotic pyroptotic pathways. In addition, issue interindividual variability discussed, role neuroimaging investigated get closer personalized medicine. Furthermore, translational challenges analyzed, limitations trials investigated. The paper concludes with suggestions for further treatment, putting focus combination therapies, well novel protocols techniques.

Language: Английский

---

Blood biomarkers for the differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Academic Emergency Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 371 - 385

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

Abstract Background/introduction In patients with acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), differentiating between stroke and nonstroke causes is challenging in the emergency department (ED). Correct diagnosis of vertigo etiology essential for early optimum treatment disposition. Objectives The aim this systematic review meta‐analysis was to summarize published evidence on potential blood biomarkers differentiation peripheral from central AVS. Methods A literature search conducted studies until January 1, 2023, PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBASE databases analyzing Quality Assessment Diagnostic Accuracy Studies questionnaire 2 used quality assessment. Pooled standardized mean difference 95% confidence intervals were calculated if a biomarker reported two or more studies. Heterogeneity among included investigated using I metric. Results total 17 859 4844 dizziness vertigo, analysis 61 included. general laboratory markers creatinine, urea nitrogen, albumin, C‐reactive protein, glucose, HbA1c, leukocyte counts, neutrophil counts brain‐derived copeptin, S100 calcium‐binding protein β (S100β), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) significantly differentiated Conclusions This highlights generalized inflammatory brain‐specific NSE S100β as diagnostic These results, complement clinical characteristics, provide guidance future large‐scale research, ED patient population.

Language: Английский

---

Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals HDAC Inhibition Modulates Microglial Dynamics to Protect Against Ischemic Stroke in Mice

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Abstract Ischemic stroke significantly contributes to global morbidity and disability through a cascade of neurological responses. Microglia, the immune modulators within brain, exhibit dual roles in exacerbating ameliorating ischemic injury neuroinflammatory neuroprotective roles, respectively. Despite emerging insights into microglia’s role neuronal support, potential epigenetic intervention modulate microglial activity remains largely unexplored. We have previously shown that sodium butyrate, histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) epigenetically regulates inflammatory response microglia after this study was aimed characterize transcriptomic profiles their spatial distribution brain followed by HDACi administration. hypothesized administration modulates activation region-specific phenotype shifting from neurotoxic facilitating repair recovery penumbra. Utilizing rodent model middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), transcriptomics 3D morphometric reconstruction techniques were employed investigate responses critical penumbral regions, such as hippocampus, thalamus, cortex striatum following found altered landscape involving biological pathways neuroinflammation, neuroprotection phagocytosis well morphological phenotype, promoting shift towards reparative, neurotrophic These changes also associated with enhanced survival reduced neuroinflammation specific regions brain. By elucidating mechanisms which HDAC inhibition influences function, our findings propose therapeutic avenues for rehabilitation stroke, possibly other neurodegenerative conditions involve microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Language: Английский

---