Touch deprivation in female adolescents: implications for semantic processing and cognition DOI Creative Commons
Sohail Amjad,

Salma Naz Khattak

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Touch is a nonverbal means of communication at the same time it basic necessity emotional connection and therefore necessary for wellbeing social interaction humans (Gallace & Spence, 2010). The sense touch integral to human experience, meaning vital prone multiple interpretations (Stevens et al., 2024). It not just choice; rather, an innate need. activates complex network nerves that support various physiological functions, such as improved sleep, immune system stimulation, digestion (Nuszbaum 2014;Kulkarni body naturally made respond touch, largely via activation mechanoreceptors in skin, which transmit signals afferent central nervous (Olausson 2002;Morrison 2011;McGlone 2016). This feeling only engages neuronal circuits but also them, like insular cortex somatosensory cortex. Both are essential understanding brain hypothesis. According this hypothesis, these understand affiliative behaviors, they highlight evolutionary importance building relationships (Dunbar, 1998;Rolls, 2010).This study builds foundation explores impact on semantic processing well cognitive functioning because absence can lead deprivation affects poorly growth (Field, 2001;Cascio 2019;Suvilehto 2023). Children raised institutions higher risk developing insecure attachment style due lack contact (touch) with primary caregiver (Davis 2017). In pandemic, reduction physical was associated increased anxiety, depression, stress, notable declines mood heightened loneliness (Grandi Bruni, So, physiologically beneficial, psychologically fosters safety, community engagement, (Fields, 2011;Gallace Moreover, use among individuals profoundly shaped by sociocultural practices, deeply rooted religious ideologies (Khattak Khattak colleagues further explore patriarchal society limits access female adolescents gatherings fulfill their needs or express them openly hampering processing, contributes behaviors (Jablonski, 2021). Therefore, critical assess how limitations adolescents' development conservative societies.Semantics important branch linguistics studies meanings created, interpreted, understood within language. looks words, phrases, sentences, texts (Frawley, 2013), has historically focused more spoken language, exploring context, syntax, pragmatic elements meaning. Fields lexical semantics examine word relationships, while compositional examines come together form sentences (Lyons, 1995;Saeed, 2015). Nonetheless, notion encompass including addition verbal (Madella For instance, depending cultural situational handshake embrace convey variety feelings intentions, from friendship power dynamics (Hertenstein 2006;Gallace example, Japanese often avoid hugging perceived too intimate, whereas Latin Americans warmly, common practice greeting there. Western culture, professional gesture workplace; yet, India even Sindh province Pakistan, folded hands show respect. These forms interaction, where conveyed context-dependent culturally variable those illustrating much plays crucial role conveying fostering interactions (Burgoon Conversely, cultures frequent may have literal touch-related vocabulary, reflecting direct nature daily life (Guest 2011).Moreover, theories embodied cognition gained significant influence, research highlighting centrality sensorimotor experiences language (Wellsby Pexman, 2014). specifically words context referencing sensory-motor practices. initial soft rough tangible gives sensations metaphorically, voice day. progression illustrates (including touch) influence both abstract thinking (Williams Bargh, 2008). enables every individual interpret ways. process semanticizing expressive between sensory higher-order functions. thinking, concepts connect experiences. highlights cognition. Consequently, facilitates integration thought, interactions. Given its role, there dire need empirical investigations mechanisms implications lab settings.In orphanages, newborn babies consistently caregivers (Spitz, 1945;Ainsworth, 1979;Harlow Zimmermann, 1958). Such experience delayed impairments, weaker immunity, dysregulation 2011). 1980s, conducted Romanian disorders were observed children who received no little socially isolated (Nelson 2007). phenomenon, later known failure thrive, warns, issue reinforces psychological dysfunctions (Oster, 1978;Valentijn 2005).The limited mental health, leads depression anxiety (Croy Its effects poor academic performance engagement young individuals. deficiencies far-reaching societal implications, potentially impacts cycle, i.e., infancy old age. A disrupted life, linked loneliness, negative health issues heart disease, strokes, conditions dementia. helps reduce issues. When touched, deep inside brain, hypothalamus produces oxytocin, hormone related bonding relaxation (Cascio 2019). Oxytocin childbirth process. Gaining deeper oxytocin take better care insights into functions (Uvnas-Moberg, 1998).Cognitive attention, memory, problem-solving interconnected inputs (Nadeau, 2020;Pulvermüller, 2005;Diamond, 2013). Research shows strengthens memory retrieval formation processes establishing connections (Hargreaves shape our comprehension maintain performance, specifically, decision-making (Engelen 2011).In Pakistani society, females restricted participating activities, healthy activities institutional settings (Laar 2019;Ali restrictions perceptions opinions them. Even autonomy sexual partners, forced religio-cultural narratives. females. Their voices rights silenced systematically ignored under exalted ideal modesty social, cultural, (Montagu, 1971; Gallace 2010), aggravate issues, disruptions complicates relationship dynamics, misinterpreting damages (Henley Patrick, 1977;Field, 2001). Resultantly, hamper effectiveness integration, ultimately impacting cohesion economic productivity (Bloom 2005).A population dysfunction, evidenced domestic violence, child abuse, honor killings. most severe consequences manifest intellectual deficiencies, slow learning, unskilled workforce Additionally, norms serve barrier being example strict governing narratives (Ali As result, developed societies differs cultures, vocabulary hindering full recognition expression fundamental seen other Asian too, common. Specifically, South Asia workplace, people patting back supportive gesture, though boosts morale workplace culture. Middle East, gender norms, healthcare therapeutic less care. culture United Arab Emirates discourages public display affection, having minimal linguistic frameworks discuss emotions. Similar discouraging values suicide prevalent (Davies Ikeno, shortage hinders well-being's value.Hence, interferes impairing ability tactile stimuli, turn (van Stralen If addressed societies, aspiration build grounded awareness will remain out reach, exacerbating inequalities contributing increase incidents harassment confront matter important. government entities, policymakers, institutions, organizations must pay attention concern. address connectivity cultivate unified society. Neglecting could perpetuate cycles disadvantage imbalance, undermining welfare stability (Maslow, 1958).Educational through range interventions. Incorporating structured sports, dance, theater curriculum provide students experiences, mitigating adverse (Palacios, Sports soccer, basketball, cricket group dances (swing, ballet, cha-cha-cha, rumba, salsa, etc.), folk encourage teamwork interaction. Community schools Brazil introduced samba (Raphael, 1990), UK theater-based intervention helped autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Beadle-Brown 2018), improve skills. Yoga Indian schools, resulting enhanced focus students, decreased (Verma By embedding school environment, educational counteract deprivation, promote development, create supportive, interactive learning atmosphere. stimulation derived enhance semantics, enriching students' everyday regard, educators trainers be aware when addressing deprivation. multicultural settings, programs should include training diverse develop strategies inclusive ensure Finally, involving parents broader supporting interventions beyond setting. Offering workshops informational sessions home general help deprivations, especially societies. partnerships supplementary resources efforts. initiatives improving well-being ensuring benefits extended lives (Salthouse, 2019).Deprivation merely minor disturbance distraction individual's routine life; rather ripple future goals, overall trajectory. eastern significantly limiting free matters. leaves cognitively emotionally vulnerable low self-esteem, asserting boundaries choices. Insufficient confidence intimate weakens resilience towards pressures marriages, denial rights. To break cycle now empower appropriate interventions, thereby unleashing potential bright future.

Language: Английский

Touch deprivation in female adolescents: implications for semantic processing and cognition DOI Creative Commons
Sohail Amjad,

Salma Naz Khattak

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Touch is a nonverbal means of communication at the same time it basic necessity emotional connection and therefore necessary for wellbeing social interaction humans (Gallace & Spence, 2010). The sense touch integral to human experience, meaning vital prone multiple interpretations (Stevens et al., 2024). It not just choice; rather, an innate need. activates complex network nerves that support various physiological functions, such as improved sleep, immune system stimulation, digestion (Nuszbaum 2014;Kulkarni body naturally made respond touch, largely via activation mechanoreceptors in skin, which transmit signals afferent central nervous (Olausson 2002;Morrison 2011;McGlone 2016). This feeling only engages neuronal circuits but also them, like insular cortex somatosensory cortex. Both are essential understanding brain hypothesis. According this hypothesis, these understand affiliative behaviors, they highlight evolutionary importance building relationships (Dunbar, 1998;Rolls, 2010).This study builds foundation explores impact on semantic processing well cognitive functioning because absence can lead deprivation affects poorly growth (Field, 2001;Cascio 2019;Suvilehto 2023). Children raised institutions higher risk developing insecure attachment style due lack contact (touch) with primary caregiver (Davis 2017). In pandemic, reduction physical was associated increased anxiety, depression, stress, notable declines mood heightened loneliness (Grandi Bruni, So, physiologically beneficial, psychologically fosters safety, community engagement, (Fields, 2011;Gallace Moreover, use among individuals profoundly shaped by sociocultural practices, deeply rooted religious ideologies (Khattak Khattak colleagues further explore patriarchal society limits access female adolescents gatherings fulfill their needs or express them openly hampering processing, contributes behaviors (Jablonski, 2021). Therefore, critical assess how limitations adolescents' development conservative societies.Semantics important branch linguistics studies meanings created, interpreted, understood within language. looks words, phrases, sentences, texts (Frawley, 2013), has historically focused more spoken language, exploring context, syntax, pragmatic elements meaning. Fields lexical semantics examine word relationships, while compositional examines come together form sentences (Lyons, 1995;Saeed, 2015). Nonetheless, notion encompass including addition verbal (Madella For instance, depending cultural situational handshake embrace convey variety feelings intentions, from friendship power dynamics (Hertenstein 2006;Gallace example, Japanese often avoid hugging perceived too intimate, whereas Latin Americans warmly, common practice greeting there. Western culture, professional gesture workplace; yet, India even Sindh province Pakistan, folded hands show respect. These forms interaction, where conveyed context-dependent culturally variable those illustrating much plays crucial role conveying fostering interactions (Burgoon Conversely, cultures frequent may have literal touch-related vocabulary, reflecting direct nature daily life (Guest 2011).Moreover, theories embodied cognition gained significant influence, research highlighting centrality sensorimotor experiences language (Wellsby Pexman, 2014). specifically words context referencing sensory-motor practices. initial soft rough tangible gives sensations metaphorically, voice day. progression illustrates (including touch) influence both abstract thinking (Williams Bargh, 2008). enables every individual interpret ways. process semanticizing expressive between sensory higher-order functions. thinking, concepts connect experiences. highlights cognition. Consequently, facilitates integration thought, interactions. Given its role, there dire need empirical investigations mechanisms implications lab settings.In orphanages, newborn babies consistently caregivers (Spitz, 1945;Ainsworth, 1979;Harlow Zimmermann, 1958). Such experience delayed impairments, weaker immunity, dysregulation 2011). 1980s, conducted Romanian disorders were observed children who received no little socially isolated (Nelson 2007). phenomenon, later known failure thrive, warns, issue reinforces psychological dysfunctions (Oster, 1978;Valentijn 2005).The limited mental health, leads depression anxiety (Croy Its effects poor academic performance engagement young individuals. deficiencies far-reaching societal implications, potentially impacts cycle, i.e., infancy old age. A disrupted life, linked loneliness, negative health issues heart disease, strokes, conditions dementia. helps reduce issues. When touched, deep inside brain, hypothalamus produces oxytocin, hormone related bonding relaxation (Cascio 2019). Oxytocin childbirth process. Gaining deeper oxytocin take better care insights into functions (Uvnas-Moberg, 1998).Cognitive attention, memory, problem-solving interconnected inputs (Nadeau, 2020;Pulvermüller, 2005;Diamond, 2013). Research shows strengthens memory retrieval formation processes establishing connections (Hargreaves shape our comprehension maintain performance, specifically, decision-making (Engelen 2011).In Pakistani society, females restricted participating activities, healthy activities institutional settings (Laar 2019;Ali restrictions perceptions opinions them. Even autonomy sexual partners, forced religio-cultural narratives. females. Their voices rights silenced systematically ignored under exalted ideal modesty social, cultural, (Montagu, 1971; Gallace 2010), aggravate issues, disruptions complicates relationship dynamics, misinterpreting damages (Henley Patrick, 1977;Field, 2001). Resultantly, hamper effectiveness integration, ultimately impacting cohesion economic productivity (Bloom 2005).A population dysfunction, evidenced domestic violence, child abuse, honor killings. most severe consequences manifest intellectual deficiencies, slow learning, unskilled workforce Additionally, norms serve barrier being example strict governing narratives (Ali As result, developed societies differs cultures, vocabulary hindering full recognition expression fundamental seen other Asian too, common. Specifically, South Asia workplace, people patting back supportive gesture, though boosts morale workplace culture. Middle East, gender norms, healthcare therapeutic less care. culture United Arab Emirates discourages public display affection, having minimal linguistic frameworks discuss emotions. Similar discouraging values suicide prevalent (Davies Ikeno, shortage hinders well-being's value.Hence, interferes impairing ability tactile stimuli, turn (van Stralen If addressed societies, aspiration build grounded awareness will remain out reach, exacerbating inequalities contributing increase incidents harassment confront matter important. government entities, policymakers, institutions, organizations must pay attention concern. address connectivity cultivate unified society. Neglecting could perpetuate cycles disadvantage imbalance, undermining welfare stability (Maslow, 1958).Educational through range interventions. Incorporating structured sports, dance, theater curriculum provide students experiences, mitigating adverse (Palacios, Sports soccer, basketball, cricket group dances (swing, ballet, cha-cha-cha, rumba, salsa, etc.), folk encourage teamwork interaction. Community schools Brazil introduced samba (Raphael, 1990), UK theater-based intervention helped autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Beadle-Brown 2018), improve skills. Yoga Indian schools, resulting enhanced focus students, decreased (Verma By embedding school environment, educational counteract deprivation, promote development, create supportive, interactive learning atmosphere. stimulation derived enhance semantics, enriching students' everyday regard, educators trainers be aware when addressing deprivation. multicultural settings, programs should include training diverse develop strategies inclusive ensure Finally, involving parents broader supporting interventions beyond setting. Offering workshops informational sessions home general help deprivations, especially societies. partnerships supplementary resources efforts. initiatives improving well-being ensuring benefits extended lives (Salthouse, 2019).Deprivation merely minor disturbance distraction individual's routine life; rather ripple future goals, overall trajectory. eastern significantly limiting free matters. leaves cognitively emotionally vulnerable low self-esteem, asserting boundaries choices. Insufficient confidence intimate weakens resilience towards pressures marriages, denial rights. To break cycle now empower appropriate interventions, thereby unleashing potential bright future.

Language: Английский

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