An evaluation of the rat intestinal monoamine biogeography days following exposure to acute stress

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Stress-induced abnormalities in gut monoamine levels (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) have been linked to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, as well the worsening of symptoms GI disorders. However, influence stress on changes across entire intestinal biogeography has not well-characterized, especially days following exposure. Therefore, aim this study was comprehensively assess neurochemical signatures rat tract after exposure an acute stressor. To end, adult male F344 rats were subjected episode unpredictable tail shocks (acute stress) or left undisturbed. Forty-eight hours later euthanized either a 12 h period fasting 30 min food access evaluate profiles during peri- and early postprandial periods. Monoamine-related neurochemicals measured via UHPLC regions small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large (cecum, proximal colon, distal colon), cecal contents, fecal liver. The results suggest relatively wide-spread increase measures serotonin activity can be observed 48 stress, however some evidence found supporting localized differences metabolization. Moreover, reduced catecholamine-related concentrations most notably ileum, lesser extent contents. Next, stress-related consistent with profiles. dopamine elevated association which did parallel findings any other area. Finally, together only had minor effects Taken together, these data nuanced monoaminergic exist stressor, highlighting importance assessments that consider when investigating biological outcomes may relevant pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

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Immunohistochemistry of the nasal cavity‐associated lymphoid tissue in the dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba, Meyen 1833)

Microscopy Research and Technique, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 87(9), P. 2103 - 2112

Published: April 29, 2024

Abstract The striped dolphin ( Stenella coeruleoalba ) is a medium‐sized pelagic with single external nasal opening (blowhole) located in the rostral and dorsal regions of skull. cavity divided into three sections: olfactory, respiratory, vestibular areas. surface epithelium lining regio vestibularis first tissue nose to be directly affected by environmental antigens. Cetaceans have significant amount mucosa‐associated lymphoid (MALT) throughout their bodies. found mucosa known as nose‐ or nasopharynx‐associated (NALT). NALT has not yet been studied dolphins, but it identified documented humans laboratory rodents. This study utilized toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), CD4, Langerin/CD207, inducible nitric oxide synthase characterize, for time, immune cells mucosal S . using confocal microscopy immunofluorescence techniques. findings revealed scattered immunoreactive tested antibodies, present both epithelial vestibulum underlying connective tissue. enhances our comprehension system cetaceans. Research Highlights provides new insights research deepens knowledge skin

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Immunological Response to TLR2 and α-SMA in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Gastroenterology Insights, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 541 - 554

Published: June 28, 2024

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) represent multifactorial chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The main IBDs are Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD may cause perforation, stricture or transmural inflammation, which can occur discontinuously in entire tract (GIT). UC leads to mucosal inflammation as well atrophy rectum colon. Innate immunity is considered first line defense against microbial invasion; among Toll-like receptors, TLR2 most important for mycobacterial infection. has been reported have a lot functions infectious other pathologies, such acute diseases. Alfa-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) an biomarker IBDs. All myofibroblasts express α-SMA, found be upregulated UC. Paraformaldehyde-fixed intestinal tissues, from patients with UC, were analyzed by immunostaining α-SMA. Our results showed that, samples obtained inflamed mucosa, TLR2-positive epithelial cells concentrated on surface scattered immune connective tissue; furthermore, numerous α-SMA-positive (subepithelial myofibroblasts) detected lamina propria around glands, while some co-localizing α-SMA could macrophages. In patients, enterocytes villus observed. control samples, low positivity was observed subepithelial propria. These data recall during state; addition, expression change epithelium IBDs, demonstrating that alterations innate system response contribute pathogenesis these

Language: Английский

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A Transcriptomic Evaluation of Neuroactive Receptors in the Colon of a Dextran Sodium Sulphate Pig Model of Colitis

Nutraceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 395 - 408

Published: July 17, 2024

The enteric nervous system (ENS) interacts bidirectionally with the local immune system, responding to inflammation within gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In a previous study same samples, several gene targets were identified as being differentially expressed in inflamed colonic tissue of pigs challenged dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Additionally, animals basal DSS group, exhibited reduced growth and increased fecal pathology scores, while relative abundance beneficial taxa was harmful bacteria increased. While changes innate response barrier function are widely cited regarding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), effects on structures less well understood. Hence, objectives this to: (1) evaluate expression range functionally diverse neuroactive receptors, transporters neurotrophic factors RNA derived from pigs; (2) examine associations these components inflammatory, matrix remodeling targets. Mature split into two experimental groups: diet (n = 10); + 11). orally once daily for four days sacrificed humanely. Colonic collected analysis. Most evaluated present at low levels or some cases undetectable by QPCR, including dopamine receptor DRD5 serotonin HTR3A. receptors (DRD1, DRD3, DRD4), (HTR4), other selected (GRM7, GABRA2) down-regulated DSS-challenged group (p < 0.05). notably, DRD2, up-regulated four-fold, suggesting an active process involving Relationships (previously published) data samples suggest that DRD1 DRD2 influenced different pathways may also be interlinked and, more specifically, genes relevant epithelial mesenchymal transition (CDH1, CDH2, IL6, IL13, IL10, MMP1, MMP2) important fibrotic pathogenesis IBD.

Language: Английский

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