The Role of Biomarkers in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Towards Precision Medicine

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 1448 - 1448

Published: July 7, 2024

Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a significant global health challenge, with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) accounting for approximately 90% of all HNC cases. These malignancies, collectively referred to as head carcinoma (HNSCC), originate from the mucosal epithelium lining larynx, pharynx, oral cavity. The primary risk factors associated HNSCC in economically disadvantaged nations have been chronic alcohol consumption tobacco use. However, more affluent countries, landscape has shifted identification human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV-16, major factor, especially among nonsmokers. Understanding evolving distinct biological behaviors HPV-positive HPV-negative is critical developing targeted treatment strategies improving patient outcomes this complex diverse group cancers. Accurate diagnosis essential comprehensive model that integrates molecular characteristics, immune microenvironment, clinical outcomes. aim review was summarize current knowledge advances DNA, RNA, protein biomarkers bodily fluids tissues introduced new possibilities minimally or non-invasive diagnosis, monitoring, assessment therapeutic responses.

Language: Английский

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Predicting Early Death in Head and Neck Cancer—A Pilot Study

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 302 - 302

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers and biological characteristics tumor biopsies from patients with head neck cancer (HNC) assess the risk early death. Furthermore, we analyzed whether any combination markers could be used for prognostication death within six months after diagnosis. Materials Methods: Patients diagnosed HNC, receiving curative treatment decision at a multidisciplinary board meeting, who died diagnosis were included in study. Nine identified matched according site stage seventeen survived least two years. Results: expression compared between early-death survivors. There significantly higher Ki-67 than those surviving years, mean difference 21% (p = 0.038). A significant cytoplasmic survivin noted where had increased survivors 0.021). intensity staining differed groups 0.006). Conclusions: results pilot indicate that Ki67 potential prognostic HNC possibly panel value making.

Language: Английский

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GENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC ALTERATIONS IN THE ELN GENE NETWORK AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

BULLETIN OF STOMATOLOGY AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 230 - 238

Published: March 7, 2025

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are a common form of cancer that arises in the mucosal surfaces various anatomical locations, including larynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity. The ELN gene plays crucial role elastin synthesis, protein responsible for maintaining elasticity skin, blood vessels, ligaments, thereby preventing senescence. Genetic alterations family may contribute to development progression HNSCC. Objectives: This study aims investigate their potential association with Materials Methods: Computational analyses were performed using publicly available databases, UALCAN, cBioPortal, STRING, identify genetic changes HNSCC patients. focused on mutations (missense truncating), amplification, deep deletions within family. Results: analysis revealed high frequency member 11, occurring 5% Additionally, significant variation expression was observed between normal samples different grades. Kaplan-Meier survival indicated an insignificant difference MFAP2 but FN1 primary tumour groups Conclusion: These findings suggest link HNSCC, emphasizing necessity further experimental validation confirm these preliminary observations elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Predicting Response to Exclusive Combined Radio-Chemotherapy in Naso-Oropharyngeal Cancer: The Role of Texture Analysis

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1036 - 1036

Published: May 17, 2024

The aim of this work is to identify MRI texture features able predict the response radio-chemotherapy (RT-CHT) in patients with naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma (NPC-OPC) before treatment order help clinical decision making. Textural were derived from ADC maps and post-gadolinium T1-images on a single machine for 37 NPC-OPC. Patients divided into two groups (responders/non-responders) according results scans 18F-FDG-PET/CT performed at follow-up 3–4 12 months after therapy biopsy. Pre-RT-CHT lesions segmented, radiomic extracted. A non-parametric Mann–Whitney test was performed. p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Receiver operating characteristic curves area-under-the-curve values generated; 95% confidence interval (CI) reported. model constructed using LASSO algorithm. After feature selection T1 post-contrast sequences, six statistically significant: gldm_DependenceEntropy DependenceNonUniformity, glrlm_RunEntropy RunLengthNonUniformity, glszm_SizeZoneNonUniformity ZoneEntropy, significant cut-off between responder non-responder group. With algorithm, showed an AUC 0.89 CI: 0.78–0.99. In ADC, five selected 0.84 0.68–1. Texture analysis could potentially NPC-OPC who will undergo exclusive RT-CHT, being, therefore, useful tool therapeutical–clinical

Language: Английский

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The Next Chapter in Cancer Diagnostics: Advances in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 925 - 925

Published: July 30, 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly oropharyngeal (OPSCC), is an increasingly prevalent pathology worldwide, especially in developed countries. For diagnosing HPV HNSCC, the combination of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers high sensitivity specificity, with IHC being a reliable initial screen PCR confirming presence. Advanced techniques like next-generation sequencing (NGS) RNA-based assays provide detailed insights but are primarily used research settings. Regardless status, standard oncological treatments currently include surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. This conventional approach does not account for typically better prognosis HPV-positive HNSCC patients, leading to increased chemo/radiation-induced secondary morbidities reduced quality life. Therefore, it crucial identify detect positivity other molecular characteristics personalize treatment strategies. comprehensive review aims summarize current knowledge on various detection evaluate their advantages disadvantages, focus developing methodologies new biomarkers HNSCC. The discusses direct indirect examination tumor tissue, DNA- techniques, protein-based markers, liquid biopsy potentials, immune-related epigenetic novel biomarkers, emerging technologies, providing overall insight into state knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Effect of different approaches of direct radiation on the surface structure and caries susceptibility of enamel

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

It is not clear whether different radiation methods have effects on enamel. The purpose of this study was to compare the single and fractionated enamel caries susceptibility provide an experimental basis for further radiation‑related caries. Thirty-six caries-free human third molars were collected randomly divided into three groups (n = 12). Group1 (control group) exposed radiation. Group 2 received with a cumulative dose 70 Gy. 3 underwent radiation, receiving Gy/day 5 days followed by 2-day rest period, total 7 weeks Changes in microhardness, roughness, surface morphology, bacterial adhesion ability acid resistance each group tested. Scanning electron microscope revealed that both exhibited unevenness cracks. Compared control group, microhardness decreased, while roughness increased groups. decreased increased. Both resulting changes physical biological properties enamel, these being more pronounced group. Therefore, recommended as suitable method constructing model vitro.

Language: Английский

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Early Alterations of Cytoskeletal Proteins Induced by Radiation Therapy in the Parenchymal Cells of Rat Major Salivary Glands: A Comparative Immunohistochemical Analysis

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Objectives: Head and neck malignancies (HNMs) encompass a variety of cancers that affect the oral para-oral tissues, most common which are squamous cell carcinomas. Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat these cancers, often involving radiation exposure salivary glands. This study aims investigate early impacts radiotherapy on internal microstructure gland cells identify exhibits highest level radiosensitivity. Methods: Twelve male albino rats were divided into two groups (control group experimental subjected radiotherapy). The underwent daily dose 5 Grays for six days with total 30 Grays, targeting One month later, complex was dissected processed histological analysis cytokeratin 17 (CK17) immunostaining. Results: Histological examination irradiated glands revealed atrophic changes in parenchyma, accompanied by proliferation dense fibrous stroma. parenchymal components consisted small serous acini poorly defined lumens, many had been replaced fatty tissue formation duct-like structures. Immunohistochemical findings control exhibited weak mild CK17 expression duct cells, staining pattern typically diffuse or localized basal region cell. Some demilunes within mixed diffuse, expression, whereas mucous acinar showed no expression. Radiated major moderate strong (p<0.05). Two distinct patterns identified: first across while second intense at apical part. Conclusions: positive immunostaining suggests amounts intermediate filaments essential saliva secretion. significantly disrupts arrangement density glands, impairing production. prominent occurred submandibular gland, followed parotid sublingual showing least impact. However, intensity parotid, then submandibular, lowest gland. Further research needed assess short- long-term effects potential recovery over time.

Language: Английский

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Clonal spheroids capture functional and genetic heterogeneity of head and neck cancer

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2024

Abstract Head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells exhibit both structural functional diversity, making them valuable models for understanding tumor heterogeneity at clinical levels. In this study, we generated single-cell-derived spheroids (SCDS) from HNSCC lines patient using scaffold- non-scaffold-based methods to assess variability. A distinct variability among these SCDS, categorized as hypo- hyperproliferative based on size, was observed. Hyperproliferative demonstrated heightened proliferative tumorigenic potential increased sensitivity cisplatin radiation, while hypoproliferative exhibited enhanced migratory capabilities. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of provided insights into the transcriptional landscape cells, validating observed heterogeneities within primary tumors. These functionally genetically characterized offer tools development next-generation therapeutics. Statement Significance Establishment characterization head employing scaffold non-scaffold materials, demonstrate genetic heterogeneity. analysis reveals correlations between diversity spheroid functionality. advancing therapeutics development.

Language: Английский

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Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Their Potential in the Treatment of Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(19), P. 3345 - 3345

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive in nature, often presenting asymptomatically until they diagnosed at an advanced stage. Surgical resection or liver transplantation potential curative options. However, a large proportion of patients present with incurable locally metastatic disease and most these only eligible for palliative chemotherapy best supportive care. More recently, targeted therapies have proven beneficial molecularly selected subgroup cholangiocarcinoma who progressed on previous lines systemic treatment. minority BTCs whose tumours harbour specific molecular alterations can access therapies. Methods: In relation to ADCs, studies regarding use antibody–drug conjugates cancer, particularly BTCs, were searched Embase (1974 2024) Ovid MEDLINE(R) (1946 obtain relevant articles. Examples current clinical trials utilising ADC treatment extracted from the ClinicalTrials.gov trial registry. Conclusions: Overall, this review has highlighted that ADCs shown encouraging outcomes cancer therapy, should lead further research including where options limited. The promising results observed various underscore their as transformative approach oncology, warranting continued exploration development need education management toxicities. By addressing challenges optimising design application, future could potentially improve beyond, both early stage settings.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: unraveling the path to precision immunotherapy

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Recent strides in understanding the molecular underpinnings of head and neck cancers have sparked considerable interest identifying precise biomarkers that can enhance prognostication enable personalized treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has particularly revolutionized therapeutic landscape for squamous cell carcinoma, offering new avenues treatment. This review comprehensively examines application limitations established emerging/novel carcinoma. Established biomarkers, including well-characterized genetic mutations, protein expressions, clinical factors, been extensively studied validated practice. Novel identified through analyses, novel alterations, immune-related markers, signatures, are currently being investigated preclinical settings. Biomarkers hold potential to deepen our carcinoma biology guide The evolving paradigm predictive facilitates study individual responses specific treatments, targeted therapy immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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